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  3. Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or d

Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or d

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问题     Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or disappointed? It【C1】________that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and【C2】________. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as【C3】________by Charles Darwin in his work about evolution in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have【C4】________value.【C5】________, facial expressions could【C6】________the approach of enemies (or friends) in the【C7】________of language.
    Most investigators agree that certain facial expressions suggest the【C8】________emotions in people from different cultures. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions【C9】________by the facial expressions. In classic research, Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to【C10】________what emotions were being depicted in them. All groups, who had almost no【C11】________with Western culture, agreed【C12】________the portrayed emotions. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study often cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions.
    Psychological researchers【C13】________recognize that facial expressions【C14】________emotional states.【C15】________, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues,【C16】________, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can【C17】________work in the【C18】________direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial feedback are【C19】________back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’ s facial expression can【C20】________that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?
【C15】
选项 A、In addition
B、In brief
C、In turn
D、In fact
答案D
解析 本句意为“________，各种情绪状态会在面部肌肉和大脑中引起一定的电波活动”。前一句指出心理学家认识到面部表情能够反映出情绪状态的变化，后一句说明情绪状态的变化能够导致脑部或面部肌肉的变化。后一句话是对前一句话的强调和详细阐释。观察四个选项，In fact“事实上”符合题意。In addition“除此之外”、In brief“总之，简言之”和In tum“反过来”均与题意不符。
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