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  3. You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even

You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even

admin2015-04-10  30
问题     You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even be aware that the body sometimes "refers" the pain of a heart attack, sending it to the neck, jaw or arms. But do you know the second, third or fourth most common sign of a heart attack? You should. According to a study in journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA), recognizing the less common signs of a heart attack could save your life or that of someone you love.
    Speed makes a difference. Heart-attack victims who don’t experience chest pain typically put off going to the hospital—by an average of two hours, the JAMA study found. When these patients finally show up at the emergency room, it often takes doctors longer to make the right diagnosis. All the while, their heart isn’t getting potentially life-saving treatment with clot-busting drugs, beta-blockers or emergency angioplasty. These delays help explain why a heart-attack patient who doesn’t experience chest pains is twice as likely to die at the hospital as someone who does.
    By studying a computerized database of more than 430,000 people who suffered heart attacks across the U. S. , it was determined that there are six major risk factors that increase the chances that any heart attack you suffer will be atypical. These six risk factors include: having a weak heart(from congestive heart disease), diabetes or a history of stroke; being 65 or older, female or from a minority group. The increased risk is cumulative: If a 75-year-old black woman has a heart attack, her chances of experiencing chest pain are less than 50%.
    Apparently diabetics feel less pain because of nerve damage caused by their condition, but no one knows why women or the elderly are more likely to suffer painless heart attacks.
    So what, besides chest pain, should you watch for? Probably the next biggest tip-off is extreme shortness of breath. Indeed, many cardiologists consider difficulty breathing to be as good an indicator of a possible heart attack as chest pain. Other less specific signs include nausea, profuse sweating and fainting. Some heart-attack victims describe a sudden, overwhelming sense of doom or feel pain under their scapula.
    Be particularly suspicious of any "heartburn" that gets worse if you walk around or otherwise exert yourself physically. Don’t try to drive yourself to the hospital. Call an ambulance. Then, if you think of it, chew on an aspirin; 325 mg is the recommended dose, and chewing gets the drug into the bloodstream faster. A single tablet can stave off some of the damage. Above all, don’t tell yourself, "I can’t be having a heart attack, I’m not feeling any chest pains. " Let a doctor make the final call.
We can infer from the passage that
选项 A、diabetics will feel less chest pain because their nerves are hurt by their heart attack.
B、people are clear about why ladies and the elderly suffer less chest pain during a heart attack.
C、many common signs should be taken seriously when suffering a heart attack.
D、extreme shortness of breath is as good an indicator of a possible heart attack as chest pain.
答案C
解析 从文章中我们可以推断出，[A]糖尿病患者感受到的胸口疼痛最轻，因为他们的神经系统受到了心脏病的破坏。[B]人们很清楚为什么妇女和老人心脏病发作时感受到的胸口疼痛较轻。[C]我们应该特别注意心脏病发作的许多常见先兆。[D]呼吸极度短促和胸口疼痛一样，都是可能患心脏病的典型先兆。文章第四段和第五段指出，糖尿病患者不会感到疼痛，原因很简单：他们的神经系统受到了破坏。不过，妇女或老年人更容易在心脏病发作时感觉不到疼痛的原因至今仍是一个不解之谜。除胸口痛之外，你还应该注意哪些事项?也许下一项应该是呼吸短促。许多心脏病专家认为，呼吸困难与胸口痛都是心脏病发作的先兆。其他不很具体的先兆还包括恶心、大汗淋漓、经常性昏厥。据有些心脏病患者讲，有时还会突然产生一种强烈的沮丧感，或者感到肩胛骨下部疼痛。因此，我们可以推断出本题的正确答案为[C]“我们应该特别注意心脏病发作的许多常见先兆”。答案[A]和[D]均是错误的，因为它们都是文章中明确提到的内容，而不是推断出来的。
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