2. 外语
  3. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science：exceptions can not be found to any rule. 【S1

No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science：exceptions can not be found to any rule. 【S1

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问题     No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and
amateurs in science：exceptions can not be found to any rule. 【S1】________
Nevertheless. the word “amateur” does carry connotation that the person【S2】________
concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in
particular, may not fully share their values. The growth of specialization【S3】________
in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer,
more complex training. implied greater problems for professional【S4】________
participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those
areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory
training, and call be illustrated in terms of the development of geology
in the UK.
    A comparison of British geological publications over the last
century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis of the【S5】________
primacy of research, but also a changing definition of that constitutes an【S6】________
acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local
geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right；
and, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become【S7】________
acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect into the【S8】________
wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued
to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to
make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a
result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of
refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then
by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As is a【S9】________
logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now
appeared aiming mainly towards either professional or amateur【S10】________
readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to
professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two
specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in
local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.  
【S2】
选项
答案∧connotation—a
解析 冠词缺失。该句意为“但是，‘业余’这个词的确具有某种含义，即相关的那个人没有完全融入科学界……。”connotation为可数名词，所以其前应该加不定冠词a。
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