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  3. It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about. With water levels fal

It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about. With water levels fal

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问题     It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.
    With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here.
    "With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this," Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen’s cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. "That is a fortune for people like us," he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.
    But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a "mother boat" equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river’s main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.
    A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.
    In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants’ less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations.
    "The industrial fishing boats, the big 20-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account," said the president of the local fishermen’s union. "They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing."
选项
答案 在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。 旱季最缺水的时候，河面迅速下降，一大群鲈鱼正游进从十几只小船上撒下的网里。鲈鱼味道鲜美，能在市场上卖个好价钱。 “要是运气不错，赶上今天这种情况，就能挣350美元，”劳鲁?苏扎?阿尔梅达说道。他是当地渔民合作社的一位负责人。他一边兴高采烈地说着，一边摆好了架式准备干活。他说：“对我们这样的人来说，这可是一大笔钱呀。”因为就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱。 然而就在不远的地方，有一只大型商业渔船在游弋，那是一只“母船”，备有巨大的储藏冰柜，还拖着十几只小船。船员都在船上等候，等到剩余的鱼进入主河道以后，他们就用高效率的刺网进行捕捞，能捞多少，就捞多少。 亚马逊河在世界上是物产丰富的标志，但它现在正经受一场过量捕鱼的危机。随着人们最喜爱的各种鱼类数量日渐减少，到了令人担忧的地步，靠打鱼糊口的渔民和他们商业对手之间的紧张关系也日益加剧，因为这些对手一心想着装满自己的船舱，以满足巴西乃至国外城里人越来越大的吃鱼胃口。 针对这种情况，亚马逊河沿岸的农民群众，在巴西境内也好，在秘鲁等邻国也好，纷纷成立合作社，以求控制捕鱼量，增加河湖中鱼的数量。但是，这方面的努力虽日见成效，却促使那些为商业目的而捕鱼的机构以及附近一些不大守规矩的农民加紧进行掠夺。 “那些工业化的渔船，二、三十吨位的，他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样，我们懂得考虑怎样保护环境，”当地的渔业工会主席说道。“他们想用拖网一网打尽，然后又上别处去打。我们出力，他们受益，弄得我们一无所有。”
解析     1．It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about．在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。
    用词选词采分点。
    days不是指“天气”，而是指各方面的综合情况，如果把one of those days译成“那天那样的日子”就太别扭了，“那天的情况”最符合汉语习惯。dream about梦见某事物，这里是农民梦想的东西，所以最好译成“希望遇上”。
    2．With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here．旱季最缺水的时候，河面迅速下降，一大群鲈鱼正游进从十几只小船上撒下的网里。鲈鱼味道鲜美，能在市场上卖个好价钱。
    理解结构采分点。
    此句采用分译法。介词短语with water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season在原文中作状语，可译为时间状语从句。a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets是前面bass的同位语，翻译时，可放在整个长句后面，单独翻译。另外，这个同位语从句可分译成两个汉语的分句：鲈鱼味道鲜美(a tasty fish)，能在市场上卖个好价钱(that fetches a good price at markets)。要把 water levels falling(水面下降)译为“河面下降”，因为上下文讲的是亚马逊河，所以，译成“河面下降”更好。at the peak of the dry season最符合汉语习惯表达方式是“旱季最缺水的时候”  而不是“旱季的高峰”。school(鱼、鲸等的)群：a school of mackerel一群鲭鱼。
    3．move into position摆好了架式准备干活
    理解结构采分点。
    move into position如译成“进入阵地”，不符合语境，原文中渔业协会的负责人边说话边“就位”(exulted as he moved into position)，也就是“准备干活”，直译不符合汉语的表达法。
    4．"That is a fortune for people like us," he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work，他说；“对我们这样的人来说，这可是一大笔钱呀。”因为就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱。
    理解结构采分点。
    把原文中的短晤the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work译成一个表原因的从句。采用断句法，把小的原文短语译成汉语的几个动宾结构(就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱)。采用增词法对原文进行补充说明，使汉语语句能够通顺易懂，如，译文中的“就算；一个人；计算”都是增词。
    5．But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a "mother boat" equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft．然而就在不远的地方，有一只大型商业渔船在游弋，那是一只“母船”，备有巨大的储藏冰柜，还拖着十几只小船。
    理解结构采分点。
    原文是一个简单句，由equipped和hauling两个词引导的过去分词短语和现在分词短语作定语，但译文不沿用定语结构，而是译成并列结构，由a “mother boat”(那是一只“母船”)充当其主语。
    6．The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river’s main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets．船员都在船上等候，等到剩余的鱼进入主河道以后，他们就用高效率的刺网进行捕捞，能捞多少，就捞多少。
    理解结构采分点。
    原句是一个定语从句，但从句子的意思判断，首先应该译成状语从句，即“……以后”，其次，要把原文的主句译成汉语的从句，原文中where部分的从句在译文中译成主句。习惯搭配the remainder意为“剩余部分；剩下的人、事物或时间”：Then a dozen people came but the remainder stayed away．来了十来个人，其余的没来。
    7．As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad．随着人们最喜爱的各种鱼类数量日渐减少，到了令人担忧的地步，靠打鱼糊口的渔民和他们商业对手之间的紧张关系也日益加剧，因为这些对手一心想着装满自己的船舱，以满足巴西乃至国外城里人越来越大的吃鱼胃口。
    理解结构采分点。
    原文是一个包含一个时间状语从句和一个非限制性定语从句的复合句。在译文中，时间状语从句没变，但要把其中to引导的表示程度的介词短语(to worrisome levels)译为一个单独的短句。而who引导的非限定性定语从句译成一个表原因的状语从句，这是根据汉语的习惯作出的调整，这种情况在翻译中尤其常见，需要译者多加留心和注意运用。
    8．In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes．针对这种情况，亚马逊河沿岸的农民群众，在巴西境内也好，在秘鲁等邻国也好，纷纷成立合作社，以求控制捕鱼量，增加河湖中鱼的数量。
    用词选词采分点。
    fish catches指“捕鱼量”。restock their rivers and lakes应该采用增词法，添加“鱼的数量”，译成“增加河湖中鱼的数量”以便意思表达完整。
    9．"The industrial fishing boats, the big 20-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account," said the president of the local fishermen’s union．"They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.”“那些工业化的渔船，二、三十吨位的，他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样，我们懂得考虑怎样保护环境，”当地的渔业工会主席说道。“他们想用拖网一网打尽，然后又上别处去打。我们出力，他们受益，弄得我们一无所有。”
    理解结构采分点。
    who引导的是定语从句，但应该译成并列句。原句中的两个分词短语benefiting from... and leaving us...应该分别译成两个独立的句子。英汉句子结构的差异是，英语句子结构紧凑，汉语句子结构较松散，一个句子中有多个小短句。因此，在英译汉时要多注意原文和译文句式的差异，以符合目标语的习惯。
    10．...they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen...他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样。
    用词选词采分点。
    mentality不宜直译成“思想方法”；artisanal也不应译成“技工”，而是“靠手工操作的”更贴切。
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