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  3. President Roosevelt’s administration suffered a devastating defeat when on January 6, 1936, the Agricultural Adjustment Act was

President Roosevelt’s administration suffered a devastating defeat when on January 6, 1936, the Agricultural Adjustment Act was

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问题    President Roosevelt’s administration suffered a devastating defeat when on January 6, 1936, the Agricultural Adjustment Act was declared unconstitutional. New Deal planners quickly pushed through Congress the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1935 , one purpose of which was conservation, but which also aimed at controlling surpluses by retiring land from production. The law was intended as a stopgap measure until the administration could formulate a permanent farm program that would satisfy both the nation’s farmers and the Supreme Court. Roosevelt’s landslide victory over London in 1936 obscured the ambivalent nature of his support in the farm states. Despite extensive government propaganda, many farmers still refused to participate in the Agricultural Adjustment Administration’s voluntary production control programs, and the burdensome surpluses of 1933 were gone—not the result of the AAA, but a consequence of great droughts.
   In February of 1937, Secretary of Agriculture Wallace convened a meeting of farm leaders to promote the concept of the ever-normal granary, a policy that would encourage farmers to store crop surpluses (rather than dump them on the market) until grain was needed in years of small harvests. The Commodity Credit Corporation would grant loans to be repaid when the grain was later sold for a reasonable profit. The conference chose a Committee of Eighteen, which drafted a bill, but the major farm organizations were divided. Since ten of the eighteen members were also members of the American Farm Bureau Federation, the measure was quickly labeled a Farm Bureau bill, and there were protests from the small, but highly vocal, Farmers’ Holiday Association. When debate on the bill began, Roosevelt himself was vague and elusive and didn’t move the proposed legislation into the "desirable" category until midsummer. In addition, there were demands that the New Deal’s deficit spending be curtailed, and opponents of the bill charged that the AAA was wasteful and primarily benefited corporations and large-scale farmers.
   The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act had failed to limit agricultural production as the administration had hoped. Farm prices and consumer demand were high, and many farmers, convinced that the drought had ended the need for crop controls, refused to participate in the AAA’s soil conservation program. Without direct crop controls, agricultural production skyrocketed in 1937 , and by late summer there was panic in the farm belt that prices would again be driven down to disastrously low levels. Congressmen began to pressure Roosevelt to place a floor under farm prices by making loans through the CCC, but Roosevelt made such loans contingent upon the willingness of Congress to support the administration’s plan for a new system of crop controls. When the price of cotton began to drop, Roosevelt’s adroit political maneuver finally forced congressional representatives from the South to agree to support a bill providing for crop controls and the ever-normal granary. The following year Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938.  
According to the passage, the Roosevelt administration wanted agricultural legislation with all the following characteristics except______.
选项 A、it would not be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
B、it would be acceptable to the nation’s farmers
C、it would dismantle the Agricultural Adjustment Administration
D、it would provide loans to help farmers store surplus grain
答案C
解析 事实细节题。第一段最后一句提到，尽管政府广泛宣传，许多农民仍拒绝参加农业调整署的自愿控制生产计划。而罗斯福政府当时支持控制生产，因此不希望农业法律废除农业调整署，故答案为[C]项。文章第一句提到，当1936年1月6日《农业调整法》被宣布违反宪法时，罗斯福政府遭受了惨重的失败。由此可知，罗斯福政府并不希望农业法律被最高法院判为违背宪法，故排除[A]项；第一段第三句提到，在政府制定出能够满足全国农民及最高法院的长久农业规划之前，《土壤保持和国内分配法》只是权宜之计。因此，罗斯福政府希望农业法律可以被全国农民接受，故排除[B]项；第二段前两句提到，常平仓政策鼓励农民储存剩余农产品，商品信贷公司会发放贷款鼓励这一行为，该政策被称为《农业局法案》。该段倒数第二句提到，直到仲夏，罗斯福才把这一法律加入到“理想”类，即赞成此法律，故排除[D]项。
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