首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Do patents help or hinder innovation? Instinctively, they would seem a blessing. Patenting an idea gives its inventor a 20-year
Do patents help or hinder innovation? Instinctively, they would seem a blessing. Patenting an idea gives its inventor a 20-year
admin
2019-09-30
119
问题
Do patents help or hinder innovation? Instinctively, they would seem a blessing. Patenting an idea gives its inventor a 20-year monopoly to exploit the fruit of his labor in the marketplace, in exchange for publishing a full account of how the new product, process or material works for everyone to see. For the inventor, that may be a reasonable trade-off. For society, however, the loss of competition through the granting sole rights to an individual or organization is justified only if it stimulates the economy and delivers goods that change people’s lives for the better.
Invention, though, is not innovation. It may take a couple of enthusiasts working evenings and weekends for a year or two—not to mention tens of thousands of dollars of their savings—to get a pet idea to the patenting stage. But that is just the beginning. Innovations based on patented inventions or discoveries can take teams of researchers, engineers and marketing experts a decade or more, and tens of millions of dollars, to transfer to the marketplace. And for every bright idea that goes on to become a commercial winner, literally thousands
fall by the wayside
.
Most economists would argue that, without a patent system, even fewer inventions would lead to successful innovations, and those that did would be kept secret for far longer in order to maximize returns. But what if patents actually discourage the combining and recombining of inventions to yield new products and processes—as has happened in biotechnology, genetics and other disciplines?
Or what about those ridiculous business-process patents, like Amazon.com’s "one-click" patent or the "name-your-price" auction patent assigned to Priceline.com? Instead of stimulating innovation, such patents seem more about extracting "rents" from innocent bystanders going about their business. One thing has become clear since business-process patents took off in America during the 1990s: the quality of patents has deteriorated markedly. And with sloppier patenting standards, litigation has increased. The result is higher transaction costs all round.
It is not simply a failure of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to examine applications more rigorously. The Federal Circuit has been responsible for a number of bizarre rulings. Because of its diverse responsibilities, the Federal Circuit—unlike its counterparts in Europe and Japan— has never really acquired adequate expertise in patent law.
To be eligible for a patent, an invention must not just be novel, but also useful and non-obvious. Anything that relies on natural phenomena, abstract ideas or the laws of nature does not qualify. The USPTO has taken to requiring a working prototype of anything that supposedly breaches the laws of physics. So, no more perpetual-motion machines, please.
The author holds that business-process patents _____.
选项
A、should have been introduced earlier
B、have helped innovation
C、should be responsible for rising prices
D、should achieve a higher standardization
答案
D
解析
观点态度题。根据关键词business-process patents定位文章第四段。第四句表明:随着专利标准日渐下滑,相关诉讼事件日益增加,由此可见作者认为这类专利的标准不够高,故D项最符合题意。sloppy和litigation都是难词,sloppy意为“松垮的”,此处指“下滑”,litigation指“诉讼”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/zle4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Immediatesolutionshouldbe______tosavethepeoplefromthefloodthathassweptsouthernChinathissummer.
America’seconomicrecoveryremainsuncomfortablyweak.Thelatestdatashowindustrialproductionfallingwhilethetradedefic
EveryspringmigratingsalmonreturntoBritishColumbia’sriverstospawn.Andeveryspringnewreportsdetailfreshdisasters
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannual
In2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica’sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades--b
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
Thistimelastyearthreeoutoffour16to24-year-oldswerewearingthewhitebandofMakePovertyHistory.Whateverthecampa
AnonymityisnotsomethingwhichwasinventedwiththeInternet.Anonymityandpseudonymityhasoccurredthroughouthistory.For
随机试题
Wherearethespeakersgoingtostay?
原发性肝细胞性肝癌最理想的肿瘤标记物足
碧海实业有限公司等3家国有企业,拟设立一家以高新技术产业为主的新奇股份有限公司。新奇公司拟筹集股本总额4亿元,其中,发起人碧海公司拟以厂房、设备、专利技术、土地使用权和部分现金作出资,并将成为新奇公司第一大股东。3家发起人为筹办新奇股份公司,共同制订了公司
对高层建筑消防给水系统称谓正确的是()
模板设计中,属于特殊荷载的是()。
修改工资表名称。将“全员工资表”的工资表名称修改为“T公司工资表”。
简述不良品德矫正的心理政策。
下列对江西省名胜古迹描述属实的是()。
中国公民A是一个文艺团体演员,其2010年6月收入情况如下:(1)月工薪收入6000元,第二季度的奖金4000元;(2)自编剧本取得某文工团给予的剧本使用费20000元;(3)每周参加赴郊县乡村文艺演出一次,每一次收入3
WatchingMoviesinEnglishI.OnegreatadvantageofEnglishlearners:Beingabletowatch【T1】______inEnglish【T1】______since
最新回复
(
0
)