2. 外语
  3. Learning disabilities are very common. They 【21】______ perhaps 10 percent of all children. Scientists now know there are man

Learning disabilities are very common. They 【21】______ perhaps 10 percent of all children. Scientists now know there are man

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问题      Learning disabilities are very common. They  【21】______    perhaps 10 percent of all children. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are  【22】______    by many different things. There is no longer any  【23】______    that all learning disabilities  【24】______    differences in the way the brain is organized.
      Since there is no  【25】______    sign of the disorder, some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
    In one study, researchers  【26】______    the brain of a learning-disabled person. They found two unusual things. One  【27】______    cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells  【28】______    are white, in the learning disabled person,  【29】______   , these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the  【30】______    they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.
   The study was carded out  【31】______    the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind  【32】______    that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain, and this part of brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect  【33】______    they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were  【34】______   .
     Other researchers did not examine brain  【35】______    Instead, they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a map of the electrical  【36】______   . Frank Duffy experimented with this  【37】______    and found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared  【38】______    the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is  【39】______    that reading disabilities involve  【40】______    to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.
【21】
选项 A、influence
B、effect
C、affect
D、shape
答案C
解析 本题考查词汇辨析。四个选项的意思分别是；influence“影响”；effect用作及物动词时，意为“招致，实现”；affect“影响”，指“对人或事产生变化或结果的影响”；shape“塑造”。本句话的意思是：“学习障碍影响10%的孩子”，选项B 和D 不合文意，首先排除；A 和C 是同义词，但有区别，influence表示“潜移默化地对思想、观念或行为的影响”；affect指“对人或事产生变化或结果的影响”，C 符合句意，故为正确答案。
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