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  3. While it is generally agreed that the power of large companies extends beyond the economic sphere, this influence is difficult t

While it is generally agreed that the power of large companies extends beyond the economic sphere, this influence is difficult t

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问题     While it is generally agreed that the power of large companies extends beyond the economic sphere, this influence is difficult to measure in any objective way. The processes of business entail at least some effort to ensure the sympathetic enactment and enforcement of legislation, since costs and earnings are affected by tax rates and government regulations. Companies and business groups send agents to local and national capitals and use such vehicles as advertising to enlist support for policies that they favor. Although, in many countries, companies may not legally contribute directly to candidates running for public office, their executives and stockholders may do so as individuals. Companies may, however, make payments to influence peddlers and contribute to committees working to pass or defeat legislative proposals. In practical terms, many lawmakers look upon companies as part of their constituency, although, if their districts depend on local plants, these lawmakers may be concerned more with preserving jobs than with protecting company profits. In any case, limited-liability companies are central institutions in society; it would be unrealistic to expect them to remain aloof from the political process that affects their operations, performance, and principles.
    The decisions made by company managements have ramifications throughout society. In effect, companies can decide which parts of the country or even which parts of the world will prosper and which will decline by choosing where to locate their plants and other installations. The giant companies not only decide what to produce but also help to instill in their customers a desire for the amenities that the companies make available. To the extent that large firms provide employment, their personnel requirements determine the curricula of schools and universities. For these reasons, individuals’ aspirations and dissatisfactions are likely to be influenced by large companies. This does not mean that large business firms can influence the public in any way they choose; it is simply that they are the only institutions available to perform certain functions. Automobiles, typewriters, frozen food, and electric toasters must come from company auspices if they are to be provided at all. Understanding this dependence as a given, companies tend to create an environment congenial to the conduct of their business.
According to the passage, which statement is true?
选项 A、The power of large companies is usually confined in the economic sphere
B、The operations of large companies are thoroughly controlled by government regulations
C、It is illegal for any large company to influence the enforcement of legislation
D、Large companies cannot be free from the influence of political processes
答案D
解析 细节判断题。首先，根据文章第一段第一句可知“大公司的势力超出了经济领域”，故选项A(大公司的权力仅仅限于经济领域)不正确。选项B(大公司的运作完全受制于政府的规章)和C(大公司对法规的实施施加影响是合法的)与原文第一段第二句意思不符，不是答案。其次，根据第一段最后一句“无论如何，责任有限公司是社会的重要机构；认为责任有限公司应远离那些影响其运作和原则的政治性活动的想法是不现实的”可以得知选项D“大公司不能不受政治性活动的影响”为正确答案。
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