石拱桥的桥洞成弧形,就像虹。古代神话里说,雨后彩虹是“人间天上的桥”,通过彩虹就能上天。我国的诗人爱把拱桥比作虹,说拱桥是“卧虹”“飞虹”,把水上拱桥形容为“长虹卧波”。 石拱桥在世界桥梁史上出现得比较早。这种桥不但形式优美,而且结构坚固,能几十年

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问题     石拱桥的桥洞成弧形,就像虹。古代神话里说,雨后彩虹是“人间天上的桥”,通过彩虹就能上天。我国的诗人爱把拱桥比作虹,说拱桥是“卧虹”“飞虹”,把水上拱桥形容为“长虹卧波”。
    石拱桥在世界桥梁史上出现得比较早。这种桥不但形式优美,而且结构坚固,能几十年几百年甚至上千年雄跨在江河之上,在交通方面发挥作用。

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答案The bridge opening of a stone arch bridge is in the shape of an arch and looks like a rainbow. Ancient legend has it that the rainbow after rain is "the bridge linking heaven and earth" , which serves as the road to sky. The particular image of an arch bridge as a rainbow is preferred by Chinese poets, for example, "a crouching rainbow" "a flying rainbow", or "a long rainbow lying on waves" to refer to an arch bridge over a body of water. Historically speaking, stone arch bridges appear quite early around the world. Being not only graceful in form but also firm in structure, stone arch bridges that cross rivers can last for decades, centuries or even more than a thousand years and still function in public transportation.

解析 1.第一段第一句中,“石拱桥”可直译为a stone arch bridge,“桥洞”可译为bridge opening,“像虹”可翻译为looks like a rainbow。
2.第一段第二句中,“古代神话里说”可翻译为Ancient legend has it that…,“人间天上的桥”指的是“可以连接人间与天上的桥”,因此可翻译为“the bridge linking heaven and earth”。
3.第一段第三句中的“比作”有很多翻译方法,如be compared to…,be metaphorically referred to…,此处选择使用介词as,将动词的翻译转化成名词短语,译为The particular image of an arch bridge as a rainbow, “卧虹”和“飞虹”可分别翻译为“a crouching rainbow,,和“a flying rainbow”,现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的意义。
4.第二段第一句中的“在世界桥梁史上出现得比较早”不应直译,而将“史上”作为状语,“桥梁”作为主语,译作Historically speaking,stone arch bridges appear quite early around the world。
5.第二段第二句中,“形式优美”可翻译为graceful in form,“结构坚固”可翻译为firm in structure.“在交通方面发挥作用”可翻译为function in public transportation。
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