首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time o
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time o
admin
2017-06-30
56
问题
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time of the ancient Greeks to the beginning of the 20th century, it was generally accepted by both physician and patient that the mind can affect the course of illness, and it seemed natural to apply this concept in medical treatments of disease. After the discovery of antibiotics, a new assumption arose that treatment of infectious or inflammatory disease requires only the elimination of the foreign organism or agent that triggers the illness. In the rush to discover antibiotics and drugs that cure specific infections and diseases, the fact that the body’s own responses can influence susceptibility to disease and its course was largely ignored by medical researchers.
It is ironic that research into infectious and inflammatory disease first led 20th-century medicine to reject the idea that the mind influences physical illness, and now research in the same field — including the work of our laboratories and of our collaborators at the National Institutes of Health — is proving the contrary. New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible for us to identify the intricate network that exists between the immune system and the brain, a network that allows the two systems to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Chemicals produced by immune cells signal the brain, and the brain in turn sends chemical signals to restrain the immune system. These same chemical signals also affect behavior and the response to stress. Disruption of this communication network in any way, whether inherited or through drugs, toxic substances or surgery, exacerbates the diseases that these systems guard against: infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and associated mood disorders.
The clinical significance of these findings is likely to prove profound. They hold the promise of extending the range of therapeutic treatments available for various disorders, as drugs previously known to work primarily for nervous system problems are shown to be effective against immune maladies, and vice versa. They also help to substantiate the popularly held impression(still discounted in some medical circles)that our state of mind can influence how well we resist or recover from infectious or inflammatory diseases.
The brain’s stress response system is activated in threatening situations. The immune system responds automatically to pathogens and foreign molecules. These two response systems are the body’s principal means for maintaining an internal steady state called homeostasis. A substantial proportion of human cellular machinery is dedicated to maintaining it.
When homeostasis is disturbed or threatened, a repertoire of molecular, cellular and behavioral responses comes into play. These responses attempt to counteract the disturbing forces in order to reestablish a steady state. They can be specific to the foreign invader or a particular stress, or they can be generalized and nonspecific when the threat to homeostasis exceeds a certain threshold. The adaptive response may themselves turn into stressors capable of producing disease. We are just beginning to understand the interdependence of the brain and the immune system, how they help to regulate and counterregulate each other and how they themselves can malfunction and produce disease.
According to the passage, in order to maintain an internal steady state called homeostasis,______.
选项
A、sometimes the stress response needs to go to the extreme
B、the stress response has to bar the foreign pathogens from the body
C、both the stress and immune responses need to be regulated
D、the immune system promotes physiological and behavioral changes
答案
B
解析
细节题。根据文中最后一段可知,当体内平衡受到扰乱或遇到危险分子、细胞和行为反应全都开始发挥作用。这些反应试图抵消那些干扰力量,以恢复稳定的状态。这些反应可能仅限于针对外来入侵者或特定的压力,当对体内平衡的威胁超越某个界限时,它们就扩大范围,不再有局限性。据此可知,B选项(为了维持人体内部的平衡,应激反应必须将外来病原体从体内消除)正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1SFO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Ofthegreatvarietyofopinionsconcerning"marriageformoney",thefollowingthreeareimportantwithreferencetothedevelopm
Thegreatchariotofsociety,whichforsolonghadrundownthegentleslopeoftradition,nowfounditselfpoweredbyaninterna
Thegreatchariotofsociety,whichforsolonghadrundownthegentleslopeoftradition,nowfounditselfpoweredbyaninterna
Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohave
Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohave
Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’sproblems
Differentculturesaremoreproneto_____certainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmay
Itisimportantthatanundergraduate____agradepointaverageof"B"inhismajorfield.
He____veryquicklyafterhisillness.
随机试题
风湿热,心电图最常见的变化是
TRH兴奋试验主要应用于_______、_______和下丘脑性甲状腺功能减退的鉴别。
患者,男,50岁,因急性心肌梗死而住院治疗,住院病情不稳定,出现哪项心律失常时需警惕室颤的发生?
依法治国所依的法,最重要的是我国《宪法》。()
酒店要进行安全检查,要求访客晚上11点之前离开,有一名访客没按时离开,还大声喧哗。引起其他客人投诉。你是酒店负责人。这时已经接近下班,请问你如何处理?
2001到2012年间,中国对匈牙利出口同比增量最高的年份,当年的贸易顺差为多少亿美元?
《刑法》第312条规定:“明知是犯罪所得的赃物而予以窝藏、转移、收购或者代为销售的,处……”如何认定窝藏、转移、收购、销售赃物罪?
按覆盖的地理范围划分,可将计算机网络分为【】、城域网和广域网。
TheSaharaThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfor"desert"or"steppe".At3.5millionsquaremiles,anarearough
StrangeFestivalsEverycountryhasitsstrangefestivals./CheeseRollingisamuch-lovedeventtraditionallyheldinB
最新回复
(
0
)