首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ten years ago, in settling the largest civil lawsuit in the US history, the tobacco industry agreed to pay the 50 states $246 bi
Ten years ago, in settling the largest civil lawsuit in the US history, the tobacco industry agreed to pay the 50 states $246 bi
admin
2014-01-09
60
问题
Ten years ago, in settling the largest civil lawsuit in the US history, the tobacco industry agreed to pay the 50 states $246 billion, to be used in part to finance efforts to prevent smoking. The percentage of American adults who smoke has fallen since then to just over 20 percent from nearly 30 percent, but smoking is still the No. 1 preventable cause of death in the United States, and smoking-related health care costs more than $167 billion a year.
To reduce this cost, the incoming Obama administration should abandon one anti-smoking strategy that is not working.
A key component of the Food and Drug Administration’s approach to smoking prevention is to warn about health dangers: Smoking causes fatal lung cancer; smoking causes emphasema; smoking while pregnant cause birth defects.
Compared with warnings issued by other nations, these statements are low-key. From Canada to Thailand, Australia to Brazil, warnings on cigarette packs include vivid images of lung tumors, limbs turned gangrenous by peripheral vascular disease and open sores and deteriorating teeth caused by mouth and throat cancers. In October, Britain became the first European country to require similar gruesome images on packaging.
But such warnings do not work. Worldwide, people continue to inhale 5. 7 trillion cigarettes annually—a figure that does not even take into account duty-free or black-market cigarettes. According to World Bank projections, the number of smokers is expected to reach 1. 6 billion by 2025, from the current 1. 3 billion.
A brain-imaging experiment I conducted in 2006 explains why anti-smoking scare tactics have been so futile. I examined people’s brain activity as they reacted to cigarette warning labels by using functional magnetic resonance imaging, a scanning technique that can show how much oxygen and glucose a particular area of the brain uses while it works, allowing us to observe which specific regions are active at any given time.
We tested 32 people(from Britain, China, Germany, Japan and the United States), some of whom were social smokers and some of whom were two-pack-a-day addicts. Most of these subjects reported that cigarette warning labels reduced their craving for a cigarette, but their brains told us a different story.
Each subject lay in the scanner for about an hour while we projected on a small screen a series of cigarette package labels from various countries—including statements like "smoking kills" and "smoking cause fatal lung cancers". We found that the warnings prompted no blood flow to the amygdale, the part of the brain that registers alarm, or to the part of the cortex that would be involved in any effort to register disapproval.
To the contrary, the warning labels backfired: They stimulated the nucleus accumbens, sometimes called the "craving spot", which lights up on functional magnetic resonance imaging whenever a person craves something, whether it is alcohol, drugs, tobacco or gambling.
Further investigation is needed, but our study has already revealed an unintended consequence of anti-smoking health warning. They appear to work mainly as a marketing tool to keep smokers smoking.
Barack Obama has said he has been using nicotine gum to fight his own cigarette habit. His new administration can help other smokers quit, too, by eliminating the government scare tactics that only increase people’s craving.
The word "projections"(Para. 5)is closest in meaning to______.
选项
A、surveys
B、statistics
C、estimates
D、reports
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1ScO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI中级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI中级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
SomeAmericancollegesarestate-supported,othersareprivately______,andstillothersaresupportedbyreligiousorganizatio
TheoriesonWhyWeLikeOtherPeopleInordertofigureoutthereasonswhywefallinlikeandwhywefallinlovewithpeop
Aftertwoyearsofworkingonthesubject,heseriouslyswitchedhisfieldagain,______tocomparativeanatomyandphysiology.
SomemayhaveslitheredintotheUnitedStates.TheWorldTradeCenterbombing______theneedtohavegoodintelligenceonterror
Dewey’sassertionoflearningthroughdoingbecamefamous.
Votersrespondedtothelevyofanewtaxwith______becausetheyhavebecomeinuredtotheficklenatureofgovernmentpolicies.
Lastyear,over700peoplewerekilledinKarachi’sviolence.Inthepastthreemonthsthefigurehas【C1】______300.Businessmen
WheneverIfeeldepressed,Iwouldliketodosomethinglikewashingclothes,orgotoawalk,whichhelpsmefeelincontrolof
MississippiisatypicalAmericansouthernstate.
A、NoneofthemwereseriouslywoundedB、Theywereburiedbythedebrisaftertheexplosion.C、Theydidn’twanttheirnamesorag
随机试题
肝硬化病人早期腹水产生的主要原因是
关于流行性出血热少尿期治疗原则哪项是错误的( )
内脏痛的主要特点是
称取2.0g,可称取的范围是( )。
某水利工程项目进展到第10周后,对前9周的工作进行了统计检查,有关统计情况见下表。问题:计算9周末的费用偏差CV与进度偏差SV,并对结果含义加以说明。
企业建立的内部控制体系中,不涉及的要素是()。
陈某为求职,要求李某为其定制一份本科文凭。因价格谈不拢,陈某用刀杀死了李某。案发后,公安局刑警队侦查员杜某、戴某讯问陈某至深夜,陈某交代了作案工具匕首和抢得的现金等物在其家中卧室床下,为了尽快获取证据,杜、戴向大队领导做了汇报,并立即赶到陈某住处。叫醒其家
设函数y=f(x)由参数方程(t>一1)所确定,其中ψ(t)具有2阶导数,且ψ(1)=求函数ψ(t).
软件工程中,软件配置由配置项来表示,以下选项中,______不属于软件配置项的内容。
有一个接口定义如下:interfaceA{intmethod1(inti);intmethod2(intj);}那么下面各项中实现了该接口并且不是抽象类的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)