首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
admin
2020-06-21
18
问题
Definitions of Obesity
A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person’s height and weight. The "Body Mass Index"(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person’s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m
2
. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference. Health Effects of Obesity
D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, Social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes")and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.
Cancer
E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman’ s menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!
Aging
H)Research published by St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman’s biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’ s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.
Dementia
J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
Other Problems
L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.
M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
The world-wide upsurge in obesity, especially in children, will possibly drain economies.
选项
答案
L
解析
题干:世界范围内的肥胖率高涨,尤其是儿童的肥胖问题,这很可能会阻碍经济发展。题干关键词world-wide upsurge in obesity,children和possibly drain economies。文中L段第一句提到,世界范围内的肥胖,尤其是儿童的肥胖问题,是涉及到经济的问题,它有可能会阻碍经济发展。与题干意思吻合,故选L。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2ld7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Firedeathrateishigherindevelopedcountries.B、InSouthAsia,girlsusuallyhelptheirfamilydothecooking.C、InEurope
A、Abandonyourhomeifnecessary.B、Holdameetingwithyourfamily.C、Decideareunionplacebeforehand.D、Keepinmindthepla
A、Theytendtostaywithinshoutingorrunningdistanceoftheirparents.B、Theyshouldbeawareofthepotentialrisksinthep
A、Parents.B、Students’Union.C、Monitors.D、Averagestudents.A事实细节题。本题问的是谁负责举办舞会后的活动。短文中提到,舞会后活动一般由家长、老师或社区负责人组织。
A、Forsomepoliticalreasons.B、Forsomefinancialreasons.C、Forsomepersonnelreasons.D、Forsomeculturalreasons.B事实细节题。题目
A、Apersonshouldlearntobemoralandrespectful.B、Awisemancan’talwaysbewise.C、Peoplearoundaremuchsmarterthanus.
A、Scientistsaremorecreative.B、There’snoupwardtrend.C、Newinventionsarespringing.D、There’saboominbusiness.B此题虽然是考
ScoresofuniversityhallsofresidencesandlecturetheatresintheUKwerejudged"atseriousriskofmajorfailureorbreakdo
Throughouthistorythebasicunitofalmosteveryhumansocietyhasbeenthefamily.Membersofafamilylivetogetherunderthe
Throughouthistorythebasicunitofalmosteveryhumansocietyhasbeenthefamily.Membersofafamilylivetogetherunderthe
随机试题
设=__________。
举例说明《史记》刻画人物性格的经典手法。
男性,30岁,胸腹联合伤,第9、10肋骨闭合性骨折,肝破裂,P110次/分,Bp12.3/9,3kPa(92/70mmHg),Hb80g/L,最适当的治疗是()
万某因出国留学将自己的个人独资企业委托陈某管理,并授权陈某在5万元以内的开支和50万元以内的交易可自行决定。若第三人对此授权不知情,则陈某受托期间实施的下列行为中为我国法律所禁止或无效的是()。
税收法律关系的内容就是权利主体所享有的权利及所应承担的义务,具体是指税务机关有权征税,纳税人有义务纳税。()
在一个单因子方差分析中,因子有4个水平,每一水平的数据如下,正确的是()。
一般资料:求助者,女性,16岁,初中学生,因为各科成绩不好前来做心理咨询。以下是心理咨询师和求助者的一段对话:心理咨询师:你好,有什么需要帮助的吗?求助者:最近三个多月我一直心情不好。整日坐卧不安,有时心慌,浑身冒汗,甚至喘不
著名教育家陶行知曾言:培养教育人和种花木一样,首先要认识花木的特点,区别不同情况给以施肥、浇水和培养教育,这叫“因材施教”。请联系实际,简述教学中因材施教的内涵和做法。
情感营销就是把消费者的个人情感差异和需求作为企业品牌营销战略的中心,借助情感包装、情感促销、情感广告、情感口碑、情感设计等策略来实现企业的目标,它主要是和顾客、消费者之间的感情互动。根据上述定义,下列属于情感营销的是:
某学生在学习矩形的概念时,主动将其与三角形概念进行对比,了解两个概念之间的区别和联系,从而掌握了矩形的概念。他所进行的学习属于()
最新回复
(
0
)