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  3. What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? T

What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? T

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问题     What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? The answer depends on a host of interactive variables that must be factored into any equation of success: genes, parents, brothers and sisters, peers, teachers, practice, drive, culture, timing, legacy and luck. The rub for the scientist is determining the percentage of influence of each variable and its interactions, which requires sophisticated statistical models.
    Journalists, who are unrestricted by research terms, very quickly produce large quantities of self-help books that focus on select variables that interest them. Few do so better than Malcolm Gladwell, and in his book Outliers: The Story of Success, the New Yorker writer claims that successful people are not "self-made" but instead "are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot."
    Bill Gates, for example, may be smart, but Gladwell prefers to emphasize the fact that Gates’s wealthy parents sent him to a private school that had a computer club with a teletype time-sharing terminal with a direct link to a mainframe computer in Seattle, and in 1968 this was very unusual. His good fortune to be born in the mid-1950s also meant that Gates came of age when the computer industry was ready to have someone of his experience start a software company.
    Similarly, Gladwell says, Mozart’s father was a composer who mentored the young Wolfgang into greatness from age six until his early 20s, when his compositions changed from pleasantly melodious into masterful. The Beatles’ lucky break came in Hamburg, Germany, where they were able to log in more than 1,200 live performances and thereby meet the well-known 10,000-hour rule for perfecting a profession. Asian wonder children are the product of "the tradition of wet-rice agriculture" that must be practiced year-round and that requires "the highest emphasis on effort and hard work," and that’s why they study all summer while American students go to the mall.
    Such geniuses, Gladwell says, "are products of history and community, of opportunity and legacy. Their success is not exceptional or mysterious. It is grounded in a web of advantages and inheritances, some deserved, some not, some earned, some just plain lucky but all critical to making them who they are."
The web of advantages and inheritances are ________.
选项 A、the foundation of success
B、peculiar to geniuses
C、less important to geniuses
D、possessed by everyone
答案A
解析 根据题干定位到最后一段。其中该段第一句总结表明，天才是历史和社会、机遇和传承的产物，第三句进一步阐述他们的成功建立在一张优势和传承交织的网上(grounded m a web of advantages and inheritances)，所以这个网是成功的基石(foundation)，A项语义与此对应，故为正确答案。该段第三句提到这些优势和传承有些是靠自己努力争取来的(some earned)，有些是仅仅靠运气得来 (some just plain lucky)，由此可见，这些优势并非天才所独有，B项错误。该段末尾处的all critical to表明了优势和传承都对天才获得成功起关键作用，C项中的less important，不对。文中只是谈到了天才的成功，并没有扩大到everyone，通过常识判断也可知D项不对，答题时要特别注意各选项所指向的对象。
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