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  3. The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more

The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more

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问题 The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more elemental dangers that can threaten economic activity on the crowded and seismically vulnerable Japanese archipelago. Weighing the full implications of the natural disaster will take time. Yet the earthquake at the very least throws a huge question mark over an economic recovery that economists had hoped would gather steam in 2011 after stalling in the last three months of 2010. Although the areas worst hit are far less economically significant than the coastal industry zones, which suffered widespread stoppages after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the disaster could heighten recent uncertainty among consumers and investors about the prospects for Japan’ s continued recovery from its worst postwar recession.
Learning from the lessons of the devastating disaster in 1995, the government and insurance companies have been actively encouraging even smaller companies to draw up detailed " business continuity plans" intended to minimize losses and aid quick recoveries. In the longer term, the earthquake is certain to force heavy spending on construction and public works in the affected region. The terrifying footage of tsunami carrying away whole buildings makes it clear that dealing with the damage will require huge effort and heavy investment.
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答案 今年年初，一场强地震重创了日本东北部宫城地区海岸。这个触目惊心的事件提醒人们，还有一些更为基本的风险可能会威胁到人口稠密、易受地震冲击的日本列岛上的经济活动。衡量自然灾害的全面影响需要时间。不过，这场地震至少给日本经济复苏划上了一个巨大的问号——经济学家们原本期望，在2010年后三个季度陷入停滞后，2011年经济会迅猛发展。虽然受灾最重地区在经济上的重要性远不及关西地区的沿海工业区——在1995年神户地震之后，该地区经济遭受了大范围中断，但是这场灾难可能会加深消费者和投资者对日本经济能否持续保持从战后严重衰退中复苏的不确定性。 吸取了1995年那场毁灭性灾难的教训，日本政府和保险公司在积极鼓励各家企业(哪怕是一些小企业)拟定详细的“商业应急方案”，旨在尽最大可能降低损失，并帮助它们迅速恢复。长期而言，这场地震势必会促使受灾地区在建筑和公共建设工程方面大举投入。那些海啸卷走整座建筑物的恐怖画面表明，应对损害将需要巨大的努力和高额投资。
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