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  3. It’s not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder, 【B1】________ , to understand their negative consequences.Most wor

It’s not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder, 【B1】________ , to understand their negative consequences.Most wor

admin2021-03-11  31
问题         It’s not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder, 【B1】________ , to understand their negative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.【B2】________ one and the others become distorted.
        Travel on a London bus and you’ll 【B3】________ see how this works with drivers.Watch people get on and show their tickets.Are they carefully inspected? Never.Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 【B4】________ that people have paid? Possibly, but very few.And people who run for the bus? They are 【B5】________ .How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
        Why? Because the target is 【B6】________ .People complained that buses were late and infrequent.【B7】________ , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 【B8】________ or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit these targets.But they 【B9】________ hit cyclists.If the target was changed to 【B10】________ , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 【B11】________ drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
        There is another 【B12】________ : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you 【B13】________ that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 【B14】________ is meant to take.A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.
        The 【B15】________ of the story is simple.Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria.Choose one criterion and you may well 【B16】________ others.Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 【B17】________ .Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
        This is not an argument against target-setting.But it is an argument for exploring consequences first.All good targets should have multiple criteria 【B18】________ critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback.The trick is not only to 【B19】________ just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 【B20】________ the objective.
【B20】
选项 A、review
B、achieve
C、present
D、modify
答案B
解析 空格所在句 句意:诀窍不仅在于明确目标的一个甚至两个方面,而且在于了解如何帮助人们更好地实现目标。“目标”的搭配一般是“实现”,modify意为“修改,调整”；review“复习，回顾”；present“呈现,展现”均不合适，achieve意为“实现,达到”,符合句意，故选B。
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