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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

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问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【C1】________and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【C2】________certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【C3】________schools of thought on the matter have【C4】________. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of【C5】________between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often【C6】________as "nature v. nurture".
    Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are【C7】________determined by biological and【C8】________factors. That our environment has【C9】________. if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory【C10】________that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【C11】________by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or,【C12】________they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts【C13】________determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【C14】________by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite【C15】________; they maintain that, like machines, humans【C16】________to environmental stimuli as the【C17】________of their behavior.
    The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists,【C18】________, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental【C19】________that whites enjoy.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【C20】________to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.
【C19】
选项 A、advantaget
B、backgrounds
C、traits
D、rights
答案A
解析 行为学家认为环境因素对人的行为特征的影响最大，他们认为黑人和白人在智力测试上的差异是由于黑人没有白人在教育和环境上享有的优势，故选A项advantages“优势”。B项。backgrounds“背景”，教育背景是无法被剥夺的，environmental通常也不与background搭配。C项traits“特征；品质”无法与enjoy(享受)连用，也不符合语义逻辑。D项fights迷惑性最大，但是黑人实际上是享有同样的教育权利，只是没有白人的教育条件好，故也不选。
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