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  3. It’s easy to think of the highly self-disciplined as being miserable misers or uptight Puritans, but it turns out that exerting

It’s easy to think of the highly self-disciplined as being miserable misers or uptight Puritans, but it turns out that exerting

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问题     It’s easy to think of the highly self-disciplined as being miserable misers or uptight Puritans, but it turns out that exerting self-control can make you happier not only in the long run, but also in the moment.
    【F1】The research, which was published in the Journal of Personality , showed that self-control isn’t just about deprivation, but more about managing conflicting goals. Since most people associate highly disciplined folks with being more task-oriented—they’re not likely to be the life of the party, for example, or eager to act on a whim—the scientists decided to correlate self-control with people’s happiness, to determine if being self-disciplined leaves people feeling less joyful.
    【F2】They carried out a series of tests, including one that assessed 414 middle-aged participants on self-control and asked them about their life satisfaction both currently and in the past, and another that randomly queried volunteers on their smartphones about their mood and any desires they might be experiencing. Through the tests, the researchers found a strong connection between higher levels of self-control and life satisfaction.
    The smartphone experiment also revealed how self-control may improve mood. Those who showed the greatest self-control reported more good moods and fewer bad ones. But this didn’t appear to be linked to being more able to resist temptations—it was because they exposed themselves to fewer situations that might evoke craving in the first place. They were, in essence, setting themselves up to happy.
    【F3】That became clear in the study’s last experiment, which investigated how self-control affects the way people handle goals that conflict with one another. In particular, the researchers were interested in how self-disciplined and less-disciplined people differed when it came to choosing among "virtues" or "vices"—like the pleasure of eating a sugar cookie vs. the pain of gaining weight.【F4】More than 230 participants were asked to list three important goal conflicts they experienced regularly—and then to rate how strongly the goals conflicted and how frequently they experienced the conflict. They were also queried on how they managed to balance the goals.
    The highly self-controlled showed a distinct difference from those with less discipline over their lives.【F5】They tended to avoid creating situations in which their goals would conflict, and reported fewer instances of having to choose between short-term pleasure and long-term pain. The result? They experienced fewer negative emotions.
    It’s a very interesting study. The authors address some of the most important questions in life: What leads to happiness and how can we achieve a life well lived? The answer, it seems, lies in being a good manager. Self-control, for one, may not consist so much of being better at resisting temptation, but at finding better ways to avoid it. "High self-control does make you happy," the authors conclude.
【F4】
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答案研究人员要求230多名参与者列出他们经常会面临的3个重要的目标冲突，然后评估这些目标的冲突程度和他们经历这种冲突的频繁程度。
解析 该句是一个由and连接的并列复合句，前一个分句出现了被动语态，如果将此句译成汉语的被动句“230多个参与者被要求……”，译文就会显得很别扭。因此，需要将这一被动语态转译为汉语中比较常见的主动语态，并结合上下文为其添加主语，译为“研究人员要求230多名参与者……”，后一个分句中的难点在于how strongly和how frequently的翻译，可利用词性转换法将副词strongly和frequently分别转译成名词“冲突程度”和“频繁程度”，这样更符合汉语的表达习惯。
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