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  3. You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even

You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even

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问题     You probably already know that a viselike pressure in the chest is the most common physical sign of a heart attack. You may even be aware that the body sometimes "refers" the pain of a heart attack, sending it to the neck, jaw or arms. But do you know the second, third or fourth most common sign of a heart attack? You should. According to a study in journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA), recognizing the less common signs of a heart attack could save your life or that of someone you love.
    Speed makes a difference. Heart-attack victims who don’t experience chest pain typically put off going to the hospital—by an average of two hours, the JAMA study found. When these patients finally show up at the emergency room, it often takes doctors longer to make the right diagnosis. All the while, their heart isn’t getting potentially life-saving treatment with clot-busting drugs, beta-blockers or emergency angioplasty. These delays help explain why a heart-attack patient who doesn’t experience chest pains is twice as likely to die at the hospital as someone who does.
    By studying a computerized database of more than 430,000 people who suffered heart attacks across the U. S. , it was determined that there are six major risk factors that increase the chances that any heart attack you suffer will be atypical. These six risk factors include: having a weak heart(from congestive heart disease), diabetes or a history of stroke; being 65 or older, female or from a minority group. The increased risk is cumulative: If a 75-year-old black woman has a heart attack, her chances of experiencing chest pain are less than 50%.
    Apparently diabetics feel less pain because of nerve damage caused by their condition, but no one knows why women or the elderly are more likely to suffer painless heart attacks.
    So what, besides chest pain, should you watch for? Probably the next biggest tip-off is extreme shortness of breath. Indeed, many cardiologists consider difficulty breathing to be as good an indicator of a possible heart attack as chest pain. Other less specific signs include nausea, profuse sweating and fainting. Some heart-attack victims describe a sudden, overwhelming sense of doom or feel pain under their scapula.
    Be particularly suspicious of any "heartburn" that gets worse if you walk around or otherwise exert yourself physically. Don’t try to drive yourself to the hospital. Call an ambulance. Then, if you think of it, chew on an aspirin; 325 mg is the recommended dose, and chewing gets the drug into the bloodstream faster. A single tablet can stave off some of the damage. Above all, don’t tell yourself, "I can’t be having a heart attack, I’m not feeling any chest pains. " Let a doctor make the final call.
What does "Speed makes a difference" in the second paragraph mean?
选项 A、Haste can help distinguish between heart attacks and other diseases.
B、Speed can help save the patient’s life when suffering a heart attack.
C、Doctors should make the right diagnosis with high speed.
D、Patients should adopt different speeds to go to hospital.
答案B
解析 第二段中的Speed makes a difference是什么意思?[A]紧急行动能帮助人们将心脏病和其他疾病区分开。[B]心脏病发作时，速度能有助于拯救病人的生命。[C]医生应当迅速做出正确的诊断。[D]病人应以不同的速度赶往医院。文章第二段指出，速度非常重要。研究报告显示，那些心脏病发作时不感到胸口痛的病人去医院的时间平均会推迟两小时。当这类患者最后出现在急诊室时，医生们要做出正确诊断还要花更长的时间。这样一来，患者的心脏将无法得到及时的药物治疗(血液凝块疏通药、贝塔阻断剂)或手术治疗(血管成形术)。这种耽搁恰好说明了心脏病发作不感到胸口痛的患者死亡率要比感到疼痛的患者高一倍的原因。因此，本题的正确答案应是[B]“心脏病发作时，速度能有助于拯救病人的生命”。
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