首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Fighting in Nature In nature, fighting is such an ever-present process that its behavior mechanisms and weapons are highly d
Fighting in Nature In nature, fighting is such an ever-present process that its behavior mechanisms and weapons are highly d
admin
2012-01-14
80
问题
Fighting in Nature
In nature, fighting is such an ever-present process that its behavior mechanisms and weapons are highly developed. Almost every animal capable of self-defense from the smallest upwards fights furiously when it is cornered and has no means of escape. However, in another respect the fight between hunter and hunted is not a fight in the real sense of the word: the stroke of the paw with which a lion kills his prey may resemble the movements that he makes when he strikes his rival, but the inner motives of the hunter are basically different from those of the fighter.
The buffalo which the lion fells provokes his aggression as little as the appetizing turkey which I have just seen hanging in the larder provokes mine.
The difference in these inner drives can clearly be seen in the expression movements of the animal: a dog about to catch a hunted rabbit has the same kind of excited happy expression as he has when he greets his master or awaits some longed-for treat. Growling, laying the ears back, and other well-known expression movements of fighting behavior occur when predatory animals are afraid of a wildly resisting prey, and even then the expressions are only suggested. The opposite process, the counter-offensive, of the prey against the predator, is more nearly related to
genuine
aggression. Social animals in particular take every possible chance to attack the eating enemy that threatens their safety. This process is called "mobbing". The survival value of this attack on the hunter is self-evident. Even if the attacker is small and defenseless, he may do his enemy considerable harm. For example, if a sparrow hawk is pursued by a flock of warning wagtails, his hunting is spoiled for the time being. And many birds will mob an owl if they find one in the day-time, and drive it so far away that it will hunt somewhere else the next night.
In some social animals such as jackdaws and many kinds of geese, the function of mobbing is particularly interesting. In jackdaws, its most important survival value is to teach the young inexperienced birds what a dangerous eating-enemy looks like, which they do not know
instinctively
. For just such educational reasons, geese and ducks may gather together in intense excitement to learn that a fox—anything furry, red-brown, long-shaped and slinking—is extremely dangerous. Besides this didactic function, mobbing of predators by jackdaws and geese still has the basic, original one of making the enemy’s life a burden. Jackdaws actively attack their enemy, and geese apparently intimidate it with their cries, their thronging and their fearless advance. The great Canada Geese will even follow a fox overland in a close phalanx, and I have never known a fox in this situation try to catch one of his tormentors. With ears laid back and a disgusted expression on his face, he glances back over his shoulder at the trumpeting flock and trots slowly—so as not to lose face—away from them. Among the larger, more defense-minded grazing animals which en masse are a match for even the biggest predators, mobbing is particularly effective;
(A) [■] According to reliable reports, zebras will molest even a leopard if they catch him on plain where cover is sparse.
(B) [■] Once, when I was out with my dog, I was obliged to jump into a lake and swim for safety when a herd of young cattle half encircled us and advanced threateningly;
(C) [■] And when he was in Southern Hungary during the First World War, my brother spent a pleasant afternoon up a tree with his Scotch terrier under his arm, because a herd of half-wild Hungarian swine, disturbed while grazing in the wood, encircled him.
(D) [■] Fortunately, the swine dispersed after they confirmed that my brother and his dog were not offensive.
For some social animals like jackdaws, mobbing is important because______.
选项
A、the young birds can learn about the enemy’s appearance
B、these kinds of birds are born to know their enemy
C、the young birds can escape to safe places by mobbing
D、the young birds can learn to fight with their enemy
答案
A
解析
本题是推论题,考查考生是否能够对文章中没有明确阐述但暗示了的信息作出推论。题目问:对于寒鸦等群居性动物,mobbing(成群暴动)为什么具有重要的意义?原文提到“the function of mobbing is particularly interesting.In jackdaws,its most important survival value is to teach the young inexperienced birds what a dangerous eating-enemy looks like,which they do not know instinctively(寒鸦等鸟类是通过mobbing的过程来教会幼鸟识别天敌的长相)”。因此A项的意思最贴切。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8LyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
ClassifythefollowinginformationasreferringtoAadoptedthewritingsystemfromanothercountryBusedorganicmaterialst
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.Australia’sGrowingDisasterFar
ClassifythefollowingcharacteristicsasrelatingtoASocialScienceBMedicalScienceCBothSocialScienceandMedicalScien
AncientPeopleinSaharaOnOct.13,2000,PaulSereno,aprofessorfromtheUniversityofChicago,guidedateamofpalaeon
HistoryofRefrigerationRefrigerationisaprocessofremovingheat,whichmeanscoolinganareaorasubstancebelowthee
WhichthreeforeignlanguagesaretraditionallytaughtintheUSA?Howmanystudentsarelearningtheleading15languages?
Whatpercentageofthestudentsaremature?Theuniversityaccommodationservicesofficeisinthe______.
Theprofessorsaysthatsuperhighways______.Theprofessorsuggeststhatinfiveyears’time______.
TheprofessoralreadyknowssomethingaboutClarefromher______.
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.MuseumofAnthropology
随机试题
A.滋水涵木B.益火补土C.培土生金D.金水相生E.水火既济
胸骨左缘第二肋间隙属于左锁骨中线内侧第五肋间处属于
法兰可以自由活动,法兰穿螺丝时非常方便,但不能承受较大压力的法兰连接是( )。
汉译英:“包装;装箱单”,正确的翻译为( )。
下列哪项相关性系数表示了最弱的线性关系
甲企业2015年已计入到成本、费用中的全年实发的合理工资、薪金总额为40000元,销售(营业)收入120000元,实现利润总额100000元,发生业务招待费3000元。根据企业所得税法律制度的规定,该企业在计算2015年应纳税所得额时,准予扣除的业务招待费
一般地说,劳动争议的解决机制包括()。
材料:某班的57名中学生参与了一个中学生心理状况调查,调查结果显示,该班超过一半的学生经常出现情绪低落的状况。不少学生表示压力太大,但不知该如何面对这些压力。“自己已经很努力了,可就是学不好”“成绩不好对不起家长”“我感到孤独、寂寞”“我总想和他
渗透性的音乐教育活动
Itisexcitingtoapplyforajobthatreallyappealstoyou.Inmakingyourapplication,thereareanumberofpointsforyout
最新回复
(
0
)