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  3. As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requ

As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requ

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问题     As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet (销路) for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. Specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent (等价物,等值物) to their share of the product.
    Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value—that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties’ desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.
    Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged in only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on would involve obvious disadvantages—imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.  
Specialization is encouraged because______.
选项 A、people can use their money to buy whatever they want
B、people do not need to make a complete product for exchange
C、people make a great contribution to the manufacture of a product
D、people can not use their money to buy whatever they want
答案B
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。问为什么产品专业化受到了鼓励。利用查阅式阅读法，我们发现文章第一段最后一句指出，人们鼓励对经济发展起关键作用的产品专业化，因为这样做那些生产非成品即成品一部分的生产者，就可以得到与生产产品等量的报酬。这样他们就可以不必为了产品交换而生产成品了。因此，本题的正确答案应是B。
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