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  3. Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors— habits—among consumers. These habits

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors— habits—among consumers. These habits

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问题     Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors— habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
    "There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’ t figure out how to change people’ s habits," said Dr. Curtis, the director of Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. "We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."
    The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
    If you look hard enough, you’ 11 find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
    A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies start-ed bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
    "Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns," said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ’ lives, and it’ s essential to making new products commercially viable."
    Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to
选项 A、perfected art of products.
B、automatic behavior creation.
C、commercial promotions.
D、scientific experiments.
答案C
解析 推断题。文章第三段中就显示，很多公司都投人大量资金研究如何让消费者养成某些消费习惯。第四段中更指出，如今在精明的广告和公共卫生宣传的推动下，很多美国人每天都至少习惯性地刷牙两次。根据这些细节可以推断出广告营销是消费者养成某些消费习惯的原因，这与C项要表达的有些消费习惯是“通过广告营销手段推动的”内容一致．故C项是正确答案。A项“产品展现出的完美艺术性”与文章内容无关；B项“产生自动行为习惯”并没有解释出消费习惯形成的根本原因所在；D项“科学实验”，不是形成消费习惯的原因。
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