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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C15】
选项 A、than
B、that
C、which
D、as
答案A
解析 空格的前文是一个主干结构完整的句子，children are likely to have less supervi-sion at home，空格的后文是：was common in the traditional family。显然这里包含了一个从句，由空格处的词连接。解题的关键词是less，它只能和than搭配构成比较级。句子的含义是：(现在的)孩子们在家里得到的父母的监护，要比(than)在传统的家庭里普遍的(监护)少(less)。需要注意than在这里的用法。than在带有比较级的句子中可以作关系代词，兼有连词和代词的性质，相当于than what，比如这句话就相当于chil—dren have less supervision than(what)was common in the traditional family。例句：The boyhas eaten more food than is good for his health就相当于．．．eaten more food than(what)isgood for his health。(那个孩子吃得太多，多得对身体都不好了。)再看三个干扰项。that比较容易排除，它常在关系从句中做关系代词，代替先行词，可以是名词或代词。这个题目难在其他两个干扰项：which和as似乎可以放入空格中，作关系代词，代替前面整个句子，意为这种情况在传统家庭中很普遍。但考生要注意：首先，which和as的这种用法都用在非限定性从句中，即用逗号隔开，如：He took over the government，which was unlawful．(他接管了政府，这一行为实际是非法的。)She usually takes a nap after lunch，as is her habit．(午饭后她一般午睡，这已经成了习惯。)其次，填入which和as，句子的含义就成了：孩子们在家里得到的监护越来越少的现象在传统家庭中非常普遍。因为文章谈到造成孩子无人看管，正是由于家庭结构的变化，即传统的家庭变成单亲和双职工家庭所造成的。显然它们不符合上下文意。
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