2. 外语
  3. A Flat Tax Income tax is a direct tax which is levied on the income of private individuals. There are various income tax systems

A Flat Tax Income tax is a direct tax which is levied on the income of private individuals. There are various income tax systems

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问题 A Flat Tax
Income tax is a direct tax which is levied on the income of private individuals. There are various income tax systems that exist, ranging from a flat tax to an extensive progressive tax system.
A flat tax, also called a proportional tax, is a system that taxes. Usually the flat tax is proposed to kick in at a certain income level, or to exempt income below that level, so that the lowest-income members of society don’t need to pay income tax. Proposed flat taxes usually allow little or no exemption of earned income besides the bottom-level exemption.
Advocates of a flat tax claim that it will end unfair discrimination. They also argue that flat taxes are easier (and cheaper) to administer and comply with than complex, graduated taxes. Most political parties that advocate the introduction of a flat tax are on the right of the political spectrum.
B Progressive Tax
A progressive tax, or graduated tax, is a tax that is larger as a percentage of income for those with larger incomes. It is usually applied in reference to income taxes, where people with more income pay a higher percentage of it in taxes. The term progressive refers to the way the rate progresses from low to high.
C Regressive Tax
A regressive tax is a tax which takes a larger percentage of income from people whose income is low. A tax which places proportionately more of a burden on those with lower incomes. Regressive taxes, as opposed to progressive taxes, are more burdensome on lower-income individuals than on higher-income individuals and corporations.
D Tax Deduction
Within the United States’ income tax system, a tax deduction, or "tax-deductible expense", is an item which is subtracted from gross income in order to arrive at the taxable income. Effectively, the taxpayer pays no income tax on the amount of money he spent on tax-deductible expenses. For example, if an individual earns $50,000 in a year and gives $5,000 to tax-deductible charities, he will end up paying income tax as though he had earned only $45,000 that year. In this way, the federal and state governments encourage certain types of spending.
E Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion
Tax avoidance is the legal exploitation of the tax regime to one’s own advantage, to attempt to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law whilst making a full disclosure of the material information to the tax authorities.
Tax evasion, on the other hand, is a crime. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability, and includes, in particular, dishonest tax reporting, such as under declared income, profits or gains; or overstated deductions.
You would violate the law if you lie to the tax authorities about the profits that your company has earned.
选项
答案E
解析 本题意为：如果你向税官虚报自己公司的收入或者是利润，这是违法的。比照原文，在E文中提到逃税是犯法的，指的是故意向税官虚报自己真实的收入，以少交税。可得答案为E。
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