首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Public Views on the Anti-Terrorism Act ( Canada) A) This report is part of the ongoing efforts undertaken by the Research and St
Public Views on the Anti-Terrorism Act ( Canada) A) This report is part of the ongoing efforts undertaken by the Research and St
admin
2017-11-08
69
问题
Public Views on the Anti-Terrorism Act ( Canada)
A) This report is part of the ongoing efforts undertaken by the Research and Statistics Division of the Department of Justice Canada to help inform the Parliamentary review of the Anti-Terrorism Act which is mandated to take place within three years of the Act receiving Royal Assent. The Anti-Terrorism Act was proclaimed into law by the Parliament of Canada in December 2001.
B) As a first phase, the Research and Statistics Division undertook a focus group study in March 2003 to examine how minority groups viewed the different provisions of the Anti-Terrorism Act. This was done in response to concerns that the Act’s provisions might lead to certain minority groups being unfairly targeted. As a second phase, the Research and Statistics Division sought to obtain the views and examine the attitudes of the Canadian population in general with regard to the Anti-Terrorism Act. The firm Millward Brown Goldfarb was contracted to conduct focus group discussions and analyze the results. A total of 22 focus group sessions were held between February 2 and March 5, 2004, in Toronto, Ottawa, Winnipeg, Montreal, Calgary, Regina, Vancouver, Quebec City, and Halifax.
C) Focus group participants were first selected using random sampling procedures based on telephone lists available for the locations. Participants in each city were then divided into 2 age groups: Group 1 was comprised of participants between the ages of 18 and 39, and Group 2 of participants 40 and over. In all, 196 male and female participants over the age of 18, with varying social and educational backgrounds, were selected. Sessions of approximately 2 hours in duration were conducted in English and French.
D) The moderator’s guide for the focus group sessions consisted of a modified version of the one designed for the first study; it was adapted for the general public. The focus group discussions centered on the following seven areas: awareness of the anti-terrorism legislation; reaction to the definition of terrorism; reaction to the listing of terrorist entities; reaction to the financing of terrorists; reaction to new investigative and preventive arrest powers; reaction to some mechanisms associated with investigative and preventive arrest powers; and impact of the Anti-Terrorism Act on individuals, families, and communities. Materials for each of these areas of discussion were distributed to participants prior to the discussion on each area.
Key Findings
E) Awareness of the anti-terrorism legislation was generally low, with about only half of the participants in each group saying, when prompted, that they were aware of some aspects of the legislation. There was also low recall of pre-9/11 Canadian terrorist incidents; post-9/11 terrorist incidents outside of Canada were mentioned more often. The general feeling was that terrorist incidents in Canada prior to September 11, 2001, would have been dealt with under the Criminal Code; however, there was uncertainty as to what aspect of the Code would apply to terrorism. Participants were generally aware of heightened airport and border security measures, as well as tougher immigration procedures post 9/11.
F) Although many participants felt that the brief overview of the Anti-Terrorism Act was too broad and somewhat vague, there was general support for the concept of legislation. Participants felt it was a step in the right direction, and some felt a certain level of comfort knowing that it was in place. There was a general assumption among participants that Canada’s Anti-Terrorism Act was less severe than similar legislation in both the United States and the United Kingdom.
G) The brief description and the accompanying previsions had a general appeal; however, they also gave rise to varying degrees of concern.
H) The definition of a terrorist activity was well received, with participants appreciating the fact that it was broad and, therefore, would not exclude any potential terrorist group. However, some expressed concern that the broadness of the definition might lead to non-terrorist groups (such as environmentalists, labor union activists, and anti-globalization protestors) being unjustly defined as terrorists.
I) While participants generally felt that the provision regarding the listing of terrorist entities was a necessary evil, concerns emerged over labeling individuals or groups as terrorists before they have a chance to appeal. This concerned several participants who saw it as reversing the well-known and respected concept of "innocent until proven guilty."
J) In general, the provision regarding the financing of terrorism made sense to participants. However, there was great concern over the maximum sentence of 10 years for being found guilty of this offence; it was seen as being too lenient. The reporting obligation also concerned participants, as it places the responsibility on individuals to report potential activities and subjects them and their families to what they view as a considerable amount of risk.
K) The provision bestowing new investigative and preventive arrest powers on the police was generally seen in a positive light, although there was some concern expressed about the possibility of it leading to the invasion of the privacy of innocent citizens as well as the potential for abuse by the police. Some were also concerned about the potential targeting of minority groups.
L) The sunset clause, associated with the investigative and preventive arrest provision, was generally understood and participants felt that it was a good tool for monitoring police use of the new powers. A few participants in each group thought the sunset clause meant that the terrorism legislation would disappear in five years.
M) The obligation of reporting to Parliament was also seen as a good tool to prevent police abuse of their new powers. However, some participants felt that initially there should be multiple reporting obligations.
N) Overall, participants felt that the risks associated with the Anti-Terrorism Act and the new powers it bestows on the police were acceptable in light of the protection the Act affords to the country and its citizens, although the level of safety they felt did not change after learning about the provisions of the Act, since they did not feel unsafe to begin with.
O) The majority of participants said that the Act has had no direct impact on them, apart from them having to wait longer at the border or in line for ticketing or security at airports, which can primarily be attributed to post-9/11 security measures rather than to the Act itself. A few participants stated that they had friends or relatives adversely affected by post-9/11 security measures, with experiences ranging from being pulled over at the border to being deported from the United States. In these cases, the individuals affected were said to be members of visible minority groups.
Participants felt that the sunset clause would be a good tool to limit the excess power of the police.
选项
答案
L
解析
该段提到sunset clause(日落条款,即法令的自动消减条款),该条款可以限制(monitoring)警察在使用新权力方面的尺度。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/EQa7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Officialhealthadvicethatsaidhouseholdchoreshelpkeepyouactivehasbeenprovedwrongbytheresearch,whichshowsthatt
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountofhowoured
A、Havingregularmorningmeetings.B、Goingshoppingwithhiswife.C、Havingeveningdinnerathome.D、Havinginterviewwithjour
Teenageboys,regardlessofrace,aremorelikelytodiefromgunshotwoundsthanfromallnaturalcausescombined.Bythet
Peopleappeartobeborntocompute.Thenumericalskillsofchildrendevelopsoearlyandsoinexorably(坚定地)thatitiseasyt
Althougheachbabyhasanindividualscheduleofdevelopment,generalpatternsofgrowthhavebeenobservedThreeperiodsofdev
Threekeyfactsaboutrisingsealevelsneedtobepointedouttotheworld’spoliticiansandplanners:sea-levelriseisnowin
麻将(Makjong)是一种来自中国的四人玩的游戏。每副麻将有136张牌(tile),一般用竹子、骨头或塑料制成。麻将是一种需要技术、策略、计算和一定运气的游戏。麻将在中国十分受欢迎,流行于社会各个阶层和领域。有人认为它是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,也有人
A、Romanticstories.B、Booksinthelibrary.C、Lovestories.D、Detectivestories.D男士说,我想换个不同风格的小说看看,我厌倦(sickof)读侦探故事书了。问题中的bori
A、Takingpartinfights.B、Laughingatothers.C、Consumingsoftdrinks.D、Attackinganimals.A短文提到,侵略性行为包括损坏别人的东西(destroyingpos
随机试题
创伤病人伴肝功能不全,进行肠内营养时,应注意调整()。
帕金森病药物治疗原则不包含
财政机关对甲有限责任公司(以下简称甲公司)20×2年度财务工作进行检查,但甲公司领导以“财务部门负责人出差”为由予以拒绝,后经多方协调,财政机关对该公司进行了检查,检查时,发现如下问题:(1)2月15日,公司从外地购买了一批货物,收到发票后,经办人员王某
学校作为法人最重要和最应该具备的条件是()。
我国的中央银行是:
儿童画没有原始艺术的那些历史负载,但在形式体验上有许多相似之处。儿童有一种未被扭曲的直觉,充满好奇心和新鲜感,能够将自己感兴趣的特征强烈地表现出来。儿童凭感性作画,直取主要印象,还有那无拘元束的想象力。早期的儿童是自我中心主义者,儿童毫不顾忌地表现自己的感
若执行下面程序时从键盘上输入5,main(){intx;scanf("%d",&x);if(x++>5)printf("%d\n",x);elseprintf("%d\n",x--);
下列关于二叉树的叙述中,正确的是()。
在考生文件夹下打开EXCEL.XLSX文件:选取“学号”列(A2:A10)和“总成绩”列(E2:E10)数据区域的内容建立“簇状棱锥图”,图表标题为“成绩统计图”,不显示图例,设置数据系列格式为纯色填充(紫色,强调文字颜色4,深色25%),将图插入到表
Whensome19th-century.NewYorkerssaid"Harlem",theymeantalmostallofManhattanaboveEighty-sixthStreet.Towardtheend
最新回复
(
0
)