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  3. For the past several years, I have been immersed in the study of friendship, and among the many things I have learned, one idea

For the past several years, I have been immersed in the study of friendship, and among the many things I have learned, one idea

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问题     For the past several years, I have been immersed in the study of friendship, and among the many things I have learned, one idea stands out: If you truly want to change some aspect of your life, developing friendships with people who aspire to the same goals as you do can lead to more successful endeavors than embarking on solitary efforts.
    Shortly after we make a decision to change our behavior, we often sense a softening of what at first felt like ironclad conviction. We blame ourselves for our inability to summon motivation and return to the poor habits we’re trying to break to comfort us, actively undenrdning our goals. What a disheartening cycle. But research shows that having friends with the same goal can interrupt that cycle.
    Researchers James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis have demonstrated that weight loss (and gain) spreads through friend groups, most likely via a process of altered norms. It’s not that you’ll necessarily adopt your friend’s new habits right away, but the seed will be planted. If you want to continue to feel close to her, you might even start adjusting your own routines (perhaps unconsciously) to align them more with hers.
    Friends can help you reinforce individual willpower. In The Power of Habit, Charles Duhigg recommends replacing the cues that trigger, and the rewards that follow, bad behaviors with new, healthier ones. The cue and reward of a real person knocking on your door for a joint jog, and a stimulating talk over coffee afterwards, is a particularly alluring replacement for whatever previously sucked you into sedentary TV watching.
    In a recent New York Times column, "How People Change," David Brooks noted that, "There’s a research suggesting that it’s best to tackle negative behaviors indirectly, by redirecting attention toward different, positive ones." Investing in fulfilling friendships with those who have the values and habits you admire will lift you up to those friends’ level more easily.
    The desire to be with, be like, and be liked by friends is primal. We’re all built to seek out strong bonds with friends on whom our very survival might have once been dependent. While we don’t necessarily need friends to help hunt or fight off predators these days, most of us probably still feel like we can’t live without them. Tap into that deep-down social motivation and you’ll not only be primed for success, you’ll take pleasure in the proverbial journey.
The most appropriate title of this text would be________.
选项 A、How Friendship Makes You More Successful
B、How Friendship Ends Your Bad Behaviors
C、How Friendship Lifts You to A Higher Level
D、How Friendship Brings You Stronger Willpower
答案A
解析 这是一道主旨题，考查对全文中心和主题的概括能力。当然，文章处处都在为主题服务；即便如此，一头一尾依然是最能点出和升华主题的部分。文章开门见山，第一段的末尾就点出“建立友谊比孤军奋战更能带来成功”，缩略而言便是友谊带来成功。而在文章最后一段最后一句更是再次升华和重申主旨，点出友谊不仅带来成功，更能带来快乐。然而，综合考虑文章主体部分，“快乐”的含义并未触及，主要还是在于改变恶习、提升自我层次，重点依然在于“成功”。因而最恰当的标题应为A项。作为主旨题，既要紧扣中心，又要概括全面。B项在第二、第四和第五段提及，C项在第五段提及，D项在第四段提及，但终结坏习惯、提升到更高的层次、带来更强的意志力的最终目的依然是获得成功，因而其他三项都不如A项全面。
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