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  3. Language is something more than a system of communications; it is also a social convention, which one must observe. Improper use

Language is something more than a system of communications; it is also a social convention, which one must observe. Improper use

admin2011-03-01  49
问题    Language is something more than a system of communications; it is also a social convention, which one must observe. Improper use of language can easily interfere with your success and advancement.
   Conversely, the proper use of the proper language can lead to success in both business and social relations. For this, there is a well-grounded psychological reason.
   Language is a set of roles agreed to and accepted by common agreement of all the speakers. There is no connection between the object "hat" and the word "hat" except that the word has been set apart by the English-speaking community to serve as the symbol of the object. A French- speaking community will use not "hat" but chapeau to represent the object we call a hat. It is unstable in the same way that a dollar bill, or a pound note is unstable of purchasing power.
   If you find yourself alone in a desert you will quickly realize that the value such dollar bills shrinks to nothing, and that a canteen of water is infinitely more valuable than a handful of hundred-dollar notes. You will also find that your language is of no particular value, since there is no one to use it on.
   But human beings normally do not live alone in deserts. They live in communities of their fellowman, and in such communities symbol values come into play. The dollar bill has no value in itself; it is only a piece of paper. But it is everywhere accepted as a symbol of purchasing (购买) power. In the same way, language becomes of value because it is accepted as the symbol of thought.
   Why is a forged (伪造的) dollar bill not accepted, while one produced by the government presses is? This is because we know that government has the silver with which to redeem the paper note.
   In language, the community has decided that certain words and forms are valid as symbol of thought and shall be accepted by all members of the community, while others, for one reason or another, are not valid.
What will happen if you use language in an improper way?
选项 A、You’ll achieve success.
B、You’ll never be promoted.
C、Traditional people will accuse (指责) you of the violation of law.
D、You’ll have misunderstanding from other people.
答案D
解析 本题考查细节。本文论述语言的社会角色。第一段开门见山说道：语言远不止是交流手段，是人们必须遵守的一种社会法则。用得不当就会阻碍成功。选项A是使用不当就会成功，与原文背道而驰；选项 B是用得不当就永远不会被提拔，语气太绝对；选项C是用得不当有传统观念的人们就会指责他违反法律，走向了极端。选项D是用得不当就会被人们误解。虽然选项D在原文不曾出现，但语言是说给别人听的，不能被人们理解就会有障碍。
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