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  3. Harold Varmus is a man on a mission—a quest to liberate scientific knowledge from the bounds of journals and copyrights and make

Harold Varmus is a man on a mission—a quest to liberate scientific knowledge from the bounds of journals and copyrights and make

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问题     Harold Varmus is a man on a mission—a quest to liberate scientific knowledge from the bounds of journals and copyrights and make it free to all. This is no small issue to the Nobel winner, cancer researcher, and president of Memorial Sioan-Kettering Cancer Center.【C1】______
    To Varmus, what scientists do, how they think, and what they write should be immediately and freely available online throughout the world. And if taxpayers support science, he says, sharing should be mandatory. Varmus began promoting "open access" in 1999 during his last year as director of the National Institutes of Health(NIH). Later, with a few colleagues and heavy philanthropic support, he established the Public Library of Science to show the way by publishing several prestigious open-access journals.     Historically, scientific journals pay for peer reviews, editing, and other costs through ads and subscription fees.【C2】______By contrast, the open-access model calls for the researchers(or their grants)to pay for publishing at a cost of some $2,000 to $3,000 or more per article.
    It sounds sensible, but the author-pay approach has faced resistance on several fronts. Some scientists, particularly those younger and less well funded, worry that the fees will limit their publishing.【C3】______Journals fault a model that burdens relatively few researchers with costs now shared by the large reader base. And others worry about government intrusion.
    The push-back is something Varmus concedes he underestimated. But he got an inkling when an effort he led in 2000 fell flat. Thousands of scientists had pledged to boycott journals unwilling to make their articles free through the National Library of Medicine, but few kept their promise. Scientific careers still depend greatly on publishing in established journals. But Varmus persisted. He stressed that lay readers, not just scientists, were being deprived of knowledge. And now, more organizations are endorsing the concept.
    Varmus, 67, admits that the project has consumed more time than he had hoped. But it is succeeding so far because of his leadership. On this, he gives a nod to his Nobel Prize. "I don’t believe that some of the things that I’ve been able to do in the last few years would have been possible without that little ornament," he says.
    【C4】______At Sloan-Kettering, as he did at NIH, he walks around tieless and carrying a backpack, and he works alongside students in his own research lab.
    As he does, he urges researchers to go beyond the lab, to become scientific activists for a better world.【C5】______The common language of science not only can help solve problems, he says; it also can unite people across unfriendly borders.
    A. It’s more than that, though. Informing his leadership is a passion for science—with its "special powers and special beauties"—and his identity as a working scientist, not just an administrator.
    B. If we speak that language, Varmus says, "we’ll build one world. If we don’t, we’re going to live in a fragmented world, as we do now."
    C. Access to scientific literature is only one step; poorer nations also need a greater share of scientific investment, he says.
    D. In fact, it is symbolic of Varmus’s view that science is critical to improving the human condition and, thus, must be shared.
    E. A bill in Congress would require scientists supported by the NIH to submit work only to journals that agree to make it free online within a year.
    F. Subscriptions often amount to hundreds of dollars per year, posing financial hurdles to readers, especially when multiplied by many journals.
    G. Others are concerned that hundreds of millions of NTH dollars will be diverted from research and into publishing.
【C4】
选项
答案A
解析 上文说到哈罗德·瓦姆斯的leadership是归功于Nobel Prize，纵观各选项，A中的leadership与前文对应，more than that中的that实际指代前文的Nobel Prize，而working scientist与后文提到的as he did at NIH…he works…in his own research lab对应，故为正确答案。
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