首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
专升本
For some time past it had been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it had been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2009-08-21
65
问题
For some time past it had been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there was no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse- the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
选项
A、are directly related to pleasure
B、will meet their physical needs
C、will bring them a feeling of success
D、will satisfy their curiosity
答案
C
解析
本题为主旨归纳题。由第二段“Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome”,作者否定了为了获得“报偿”而学习的观点,并指出他们是为了成功而学习。在最后一段作者再一次指出“it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem…”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/HnvC777K
本试题收录于:
英语题库成考专升本分类
0
英语
成考专升本
相关试题推荐
Mostpeople______.New-bornbabies______.
Theoutputofconsumerproductshasincreased______thisyear.
(众所周知),ournaturalresourceswillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.
He______thegunbeneathahugebagbeforeenteringthecheckpointoftheairport.
SimonHarperwritesfromtheviewpointofsomeonewho______.MagdalenaSmiththinksitisimportantfor______.
Itisnotconsidered______tolitterinpublic.
PiotrekKowalski,18,comesfromPolandandwouldlikeapenpalwhoisinterestedindiscussingthecurrentpoliticalsituation
Whenaconsumerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirstthingheshoulddoisto______Supposeaconsumerfindsfa
Myfatherwavedmegood-byeandthebussetoff.Thepersonsitting【C1】______tomewasanengineergoingtoPeshawartoinspect
随机试题
在消化期内,抑制胃液分泌的因素()
内环境是指
下列关于皮部的描述,正确的是
A、骨髓瘤肾病B、淀粉样变性C、原发性小血管炎肾损害D、Goodpasture综合征E、狼疮性肾炎患者男性,65岁,发现蛋白尿、血尿2个月余入院,既往有心肌病病史,巨舌综合征,入院后肾活检示电镜下特异性纤维丝样淀粉样蛋白,刚果
在华神公司的破产案件中,有关当事人提出的下列主张,哪些依法应予支持?
房地产估价师确定现金流量折现法技术路线时,正确的做法是()。在计算扣除项时,除开发成本、管理费用外,还应包括()。
减轻负面社会影响的措施方案不包括()。
情景描述:某大型石油化工生产企业,厂区外设有原油储罐区,在场内设有成品油和液化石油气储罐区,油品通过输油管道和铁路及公路进行运输,并且将生产区、辅助生产区、储存区和生活区分开设置,厂区内外设置了环形消防车通道、消防水源、消火栓给水系统及泡沫灭火系统等;为了
某企业用银行存款10万元购入一项管理用专利权的所有权,该企业经营期为20年,该项专利权法律规定的有效年限为10年。两年后,该企业将上述专利权的所有权转让,取得转让收入10万元,转让专利权涉及的营业税税率为5%。要求:根据上述资料,编制该企业购入专利
()爬山法是启发法的一种。
最新回复
(
0
)