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  3. The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the world’s urban pop

The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the world’s urban pop

admin2021-01-08  18
问题    The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the world’s urban population is breathing air that fails to meet World Health Organisation guidelines, and an estimated 4.5 million people died【C1】______from outdoor air pollution in 2015.
   Globally, urban populations are expected to double in the next 40 years, and an extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, as well as services and ways to move around their cities. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will【C2】______the everyday lives and health of the coming generations. So what would a smog-free, or at least low-pollution, city be like?
   Traffic has become【C3】______with air pollution, and many countries intend to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in the next two decades. But simply【C4】______to electric cars will not mean pollution-free cities. The level of emissions they cause will depend on how the electricity to run them is【C5】______, while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne【C6】______as they wear out.
   Across the developed world, car use is in decline as more people move to city centres, while young people especially are【C7】______for other means of travel. Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its【C8】______and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this【C9】______, instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams. As users of London’s orbital M25 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies have shown that doubling the size of a road can【C10】______double the traffic, taking us back to the starting point.
   A) alternate F) merged K) prematurely
   B) crown G) miniatures L) simply
   C) determine H) opting M) switching
   D) generated I) particles N) synonymous
   E) locating J) peak O) trend
【C6】
选项
答案I
解析 [语法判断]空格位于while连接的第二个分句中，该分句的主语是brakes，tyres and roads，谓语是create，空格前还有形容词tiny和airborne，所以需要填入可数名词的复数形式或者不可数名词。[语义判断]前一句提到，仅仅转用电动汽车并不意味着无污染城市，空格所在句进一步说明电动汽车的污染。第一个分句提到电动汽车的排放，空格所在分句也应该是在说明电动汽车的污染，意为“刹车、轮胎和道路在磨损时都会产生微小的在空气中悬浮的______”。所以，空格处应填入一个表示刹车、轮胎和道路磨损时能产生的微小的在空气中悬浮的“物体”的名词。备选项中只有I)particles“微粒”符合要求，故为答案。miniatures意为“缩影，微小模型”，虽然可以被tiny修饰，但并非刹车、轮胎和道路在磨损时产生的物体，也和电动汽车造成的污染无关，故排除。
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