首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the ma
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the ma
admin
2021-01-06
57
问题
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) ’ ,
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past; less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus — On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explores. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles, "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself. " His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles," wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles;"It is man, real, living man who does all that. "And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past. "
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson, and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
选项
答案
E
解析
Marx and Engels出现在第六段第二行,随后写道:And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.意思是:历史应该是人民大众的故事,他们斗争的记录。因此,正确答案为E。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IN1Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewan
Theideathatmusicmakesyousmarterhasreceivedconsiderableattentionfromscholarsandthemedia.Currentinterestin【C1】__
Onereasonhumanbeingscanthriveinallkindsofclimatesisthattheycancontrolthequalitiesoftheairintheenclosedsp
Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalsocialbehavior.Earlierscientists
Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlysco
Theplanetsseemedlikeprettysmallplaces.Atthesametime,Earthseemedalotlargerthanitdoesnow.Noonehadeverseen
In2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica’sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades—b
U.S.technologyworkersmaybelookingatabetterjobmarketinthecomingmonths,accordingtoanewstudyfromstaffingfirm
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions1-5,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoac
随机试题
某商业建筑,东西长100m,南北宽60m,建筑高度26m,室外消火栓设计流量为40L/s,南侧布置消防扑救面。沿该建筑南侧消防扑救面设置的室外消火栓数量,不宜少于()个。
患者因受精神刺激突发二便失禁,骨酸痿厥或遗精。其病机是患者因受精神刺激而气逆喘息,面红口赤,呕血,昏厥卒倒。其病机是
下列有抗原性的纤维蛋白溶解药是
外加剂储存时应当至少离地的高度和离墙的距离分别是()。
下列各项中,可能与“应付职工薪酬”科目贷方对应的有()。
沂源:苹果:水果
某种商品有小箱和大箱两种包装,一大箱这种商品有400件,张和王同时开始制造这种商品,制造一小箱和一大箱这种商品后,张比王多做50件。如果王此时的效率提高100%,并与张再共同制造一大箱这种商品,则王制造的总件数比张多50件。问一小箱这种商品有多少件:
下列成语及其出处的对应关系错误的是()。
Manhasbeenstoringupusefulknowledgeabouthimselfandtheuniverseattheratewhichhasbeenspiralingupwardfor10,000y
【B1】【B8】
最新回复
(
0
)