首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the ma
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the ma
admin
2021-01-06
60
问题
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) ’ ,
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past; less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus — On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explores. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles, "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself. " His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles," wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles;"It is man, real, living man who does all that. "And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past. "
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson, and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
选项
答案
E
解析
Marx and Engels出现在第六段第二行,随后写道:And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.意思是:历史应该是人民大众的故事,他们斗争的记录。因此,正确答案为E。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IN1Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
ALetterofAdmission录取信Writealetterofabout100wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:LiMing’sapplicationforadmissio
Overhalftheworld’speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest"GlobalReportonHumanSettlements"saysasignificantchangetookp
Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalsocialbehavior.Earlierscientists
Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalsocialbehavior.Earlierscientists
Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,Beauti
Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.Whilepol
InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthat"socialepidemics"aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatiny
Theplanetsseemedlikeprettysmallplaces.Atthesametime,Earthseemedalotlargerthanitdoesnow.Noonehadeverseen
Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,Robert
[A]Indiarunslikeathreadthroughthistale.CottonwasbeingspunintheIndusValleyin3000BC:Herodotusadmireditsquali
随机试题
声像图显示脾实质低回声团块,不包括
男,48岁。腹胀3个月。查体:腹壁静脉曲张,腹水征(+),脾大。该患者腹壁静脉血流方向应为
一台并励直流电动机,PN=7.2kW,UN=110V,nN=900r/min,ηN=85%,Ra=0.08Ω(含电刷接触压降),If=2A,当电动机在额定状态下运行,若负载转矩不变,在电枢回路中串入一电阻,使电动机转速下降到450r/min,那么此电阻的阻
证券公司对客户的授信和融出资金、证券均应由公司总部统一控制和办理,严禁分支机构擅自对外办理相关业务。()
金融企业应在每批次不良资产转让工作结束后()个工作日内,向同级财政部门和中银监会或属地银监局报告转让方案及处置结果。
感觉仅依赖个别感觉器官的活动,而知觉依赖多种感觉器官的联合活动。
关于职业道德修养的说法,正确的是()。
刘国平是上海某高新技术企业的总经理,现在他需要了解某些有关高新技术企业的政策,以便作出战略决策。于是,他指示总经理办公室的小马,尽快整理出一份有关高新技术企业的政策文件并交给他。请参照“示例1.jpg”和“示例2.jpg”,利用考生文件夹下提供的相关素材文
Traditionally,universitieshavecarriedouttwomainactivities:researchandteaching.Manyexpertswouldarguethatboththes
Desktoppublishingsystemisamodernpublishingsystemwhichmakesuseofcomputertechnology,graphicskillsandprintingtech
最新回复
(
0
)