首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Every political period has its characteristic form of scandal. During the Reagan defense buildup of the mid-1980s, the scandal o
Every political period has its characteristic form of scandal. During the Reagan defense buildup of the mid-1980s, the scandal o
admin
2012-02-24
42
问题
Every political period has its characteristic form of scandal. During the Reagan defense buildup of the mid-1980s, the scandal of the day was "waste, fraud and mismanagement" at the Pentagon, symbolized by the infamous $640 toilet seat. Amid the general embarrassment and excuse-making, only one defense hawk was bold enough to declare that waste and fraud were actually good things. "We need more" of them, wrote Edward Luttwak in Commentary. If you’re going to build a stronger defense and build it fast, a bit of corruption is a necessary by-product.
Today’s characteristic form of scandal is financial abuse and excess. So where is the Luttwak of today who will cut through all the demagoguery and the whining, the outraged criticism and the mealymouthed apologies, and say, "Look, you want a vigorous entrepreneurial economy?" A bit of excess is a necessary by-product. ~’We need more" financial abuse—it is a sign that capitalism is working.
Who has the courage to make this argument? I am not that man. But if 1 were that man, the case would run something like this: the magic of capitalism, as explained by Adam Smith and his followers, is that it channels individual greed into activities that benefit all of us. "Greed is good," declared Michael Douglas, playing a corrupt financier in the movie Wall Street. More accurately, greed is inevitable. It is part of the human condition. And in moderation, economists argue and history demonstrates, greed is no bad thing. Free-market economies could not function if we were all Mother Teresa.
But there is nothing inherent in the human condition that keeps greed in moderation. So there are laws, and there are appearances. Both these forces draw a rough line— and attempt to place it—between greed that helps other people and greed that hurts other people. Inevitably, though, some will take greed too far. And that’s a good thing (goes the argument I lack the courage to make). Why? Because you can’t regulate greed with precision.
Keynes used the term "animal spirits" to describe the motivation of business people. A successful economy needs a culture that encourages them, up to a point. It’s a Goldilocks-type situation. You don’t want too much greed, and you don’t want too little—you want an amount that’s just right. But the dials are not all that sensitive. A culture that encourages enough greed in enough people will encourage too much in a few. If nobody is taking greed too far, you can be certain that too few people are taking it far enough.
For some reason, none of the lawyers who are defending the big greedheads have chosen to make this argument. Instead, they offer inconsistent theories to explain the obvious. Lawyers for the Rigas family, which performed the remarkable feat of bankrupting a cable company, say their clients can’t be guilty of a conspiracy to loot the company because they are too dimwitted: one is "not the savviest guy," another is "clueless." Martha Stewart’s defense, by contrast, was in part that she is too clever to have done anything as dumb as conspiring to break the securities laws.
Lawyers for Dennis Kozlowski, former CEO of Tyco, take this line of reasoning further. The Wall Street Journal called theirs the "brazenness defense." Kozlowski made no secret of the fact that he used Tyco money for a yacht, kept his mistresses on the payroll and (possibly therefore) also let Tyco finance a $5 million diamond ring for his wife. How could he have criminal intent if it was all out in the open? By contrast, Scott Sullivan, former CFO of WorldCom, engaged in a more traditional form of gall in pleading guilty to $11 billion worth of accounting fraud. It was a "misguided effort to save the company," he said. Call this the Vietnam defense: it was necessary to destroy the company in order to save it.
Will no one step forward to say clearly that these seeming malefactors are actually heroes? That we need more of them, not fewer? True, Martha has been found guilty (though she is appealing), and others may lose in court as well. True, these people may have personally harmed the economy and ripped off many individual investors. Nevertheless, taken together, they are a sign of the economy’s robust health. Far better that a few greedheads get carried away than that we are worried that we are not getting the benefit of all the good, healthy, productive sort of greed that this county is capable of producing.
In fact, think of these unpopular figures as the canaries of capitalism. They precede us into the coal mine of greed, going farther than the rest of us dare, showing us where far enough becomes too far and perishing in the effort. They are martyrs of capitalism, dying financially so that others may prosper. Does no one have the simple guts to tell this truth?
Well, I certainly don’t.
What is the author’s attitude toward those malefactors?
选项
A、appreciative
B、angry
C、contemptuous
D、negative
答案
A
解析
作者认为,那些巨贪以身试法,告诫人们犯罪的界限,从而使其他人能够保持适度的欲望,以促进经济的发展。故选项A符合题意,为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IziO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
MostofShaw’splayisconcernedwithpolitical,economic,moral,orreligiousproblemsandthusistermedas______.
Intheearly1950’s,historianswhostudiedpre-industrialEurope(whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly
IntheAustralianstateofNewSouthWales,agovernmentsponsorsurveyrevealedsomeshockingstatisticsregarding【1】_
Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW.Griffith(1875-1948).Be
Duringthefirsthalfoftheseventeenthcentury,whenthenationsofEuropewerequarrelingoverwhoownedtheNewWorld,theD
Thethoughtofhavingtowritearesumeintimidatesalmostevery,graduatingstudent.It’sdifficulttoknowwheretobeginand
A、gettinginvolvedinabribery.B、dealinginanillegaltransaction.C、endangeringnationalsecurity.D、beingnegligentofhis
A、Totakethetimetomakestudentsbeinterestedintheworldaroundthem.B、Toorganizemorediscussionclasses.C、Toencourag
TheRoslinInstituteannouncedlastweekthatithadappliedtopatentthemethodbywhichitsscientistshadclonedDollythes
A、surpassanothercandidate.B、bethepresidentofHaiti.C、avoidasecondroundrunoff.D、defeathisrivalinthefirstround.
随机试题
鼓胀后期出现危候多有
海陆过渡相按沉积环境可细分为溩湖相、三角洲相、砂洲相、砂坝相、砂嘴相等,其中与油气关系最密切的是砂洲相。()
多元复合型集团化战略
患者,女性,30岁。便秘2年,近半月来大便时肛门疼痛,粪便表面及便纸上附有鲜血,其诊断最可能是
张某是红叶有限公司的小股东,持股5%;同时,张某还在枫林有限公司任董事,而红叶公司与枫林公司均从事保险经纪业务。红叶公司多年没有给张某分红,张某一直对其会计账簿存有疑惑。关于本案,下列哪一选项是正确的?
某安装公司在南方沿海承担了一化工装置的安装工作,该装置施工高峰期正值夏季,相对湿度接近饱和。该公司建造了临时性管道预制厂房,采用CO2气体保护焊进行焊接工作。根据装置内管道的特点,项目部技术人员确定了管道预制程度为30%,制定了一条直管段配焊一个管件(弯头
下列有关信息技术一般控制、应用控制与公司层面控制的说法中,正确的有()。
下列对朝鲜族描述正确的是()。
教学过程是教师教、学生学的基本过程,具有若干环节,其中心环节是()。
A、ThebestwaytodoYoga.B、Thetypicalprocessofyoga.C、ThemedicalbenefitsofYoga.D、Therelationshipbetweenhealthand
最新回复
(
0
)