首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 ye
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 ye
admin
2012-08-22
11
问题
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 years before the first world war saw large cross-border flows of goods, capital and people. That period of globalization, like the present one, was driven by reductions in trade barriers and by sharp falls in transport costs, thanks to the development of railways and steamships. The present surge of globalization is in a way, a resumption (恢复) of that previous trend. The earlier attempt at globalization ended abruptly with the first world war, after which the world moved into a period of fierce trade protectionism and tight restrictions on capital movement. During the early 1930s, America sharply increased its tariffs, and other countries retaliated (报复) , making the Great Depression even greater. The volume of world trade fell sharply. International capital flows virtually dried up in the interwar period as governments imposed controls to try to insulate (隔离) their economies from the impact of a global slump.
Capital controls were maintained after the second world war, as the victors decided to keep their exchange rates fixed on arrangement known as the Bretton Woods System, named after the American town in which it was approved. But the big economic powers also agreed that reducing trade barriers was vital to recovery. They set up the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which organized a series of negotiations that gradually reduced import tariffs. GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. Trade flourished.
In the early 1970s, the Bretton Woods System collapsed and currencies were allowed to float against one another at whatever rates the markets set. This signaled the rebirth of global capital market. America and Germany quickly stopped trying to control the inflow and outflow of capital, Britain abolished capital controls in 1979 and Japan (mostly) in 1980. This is part of the reason why continental Europeans tend to worry more about the power of global capital markets. America has been exposed to them for much longer.
Two forces have been driving these increased flows of goods and money. The first is technology. With the costs of communication and computing falling rapidly, the natural barriers of time and space that separate national markets have been falling too. The second driving force has been liberalization. As a result of both the GATT negotiations and unilateral (单方面的,单边的) decisions, almost all countries have lowered barriers to foreign trade. Most countries have welcomed international capital as well.
Technology has been a driving force of the increased flows of goods and money in that
选项
A、it has lowered the costs of communication and computing
B、it has removed all the natural barriers of time and space
C、it has reduced the barriers of foreign trade
D、it has enabled most countries to welcome foreign capital
答案
A
解析
细节题。根据文章最后一段,科技一直是全球化的驱动力之一,因为科技的进步使得通信和计算费用迅速下降,各国市场之间存在的时空等天然屏障也得以减少。因此A是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/LWXO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
It’saMondaynightatMIT,justafewweeksbeforefinalexams.GradstudentsTeginTeichandToddSchenkcouldbestudyingor
Therehasbeenalotofhand-wringingoverthedeathofElizabethSteinberg.Withoutblaminganyoneinparticular,neighbors,fr
Youmaybereadingthiswhileonaconferencecall,pushingyourchildonaswing—orboth.Butismultitaskingreallyagoodi
Schoolslookingtobancellphonesmayhaveanewexcuse:agrowingnumberofpeoplearedevelopinganallergytometalinthed
Leadershipishardlyanewareaofresearch,ofcourse.Foryears,academicshavedebatedwhetherleadersarebornormade,whet
Humanbeingsareanimals.Webreathe,eatanddigest,andreproducethesamelife【C1】______commontoallanimals.Inabiologica
Dependingonyourageandmemory,itwasaweekofradicallyneworreassuringlyolddevelopmentsintheadvertisingindustry.T
Criticismandself-criticismarenecessary______theyhelpustofindandcorrectourmistakes.
Thenexttimethemenweretakenupontothedeck,Kuntamadeapointoflookingatthemanbehindhiminline,theonewholay
Man:Ilikethecolorofthisshirt.Doyouhavealargersize?Woman:Thisisthelargestinthiscolor.Othercolorscomeina
随机试题
简述MODS的病因。
关于肺部的叙述,错误的是
()安全装置的作用,是在操作到危险点之前,自动使机器停止或反向运动。
所有的法律主体都是会计主体,但会计主体不一定都具有法人资格。()
依基金契约规定至计算日止对托管人或管理人应付未付报酬,是基金负债总额的一部分。( )
下列关于汇率标价方法的表述错误的是()。
下列属于张爱玲创作的小说的是()。
以下心理学家属于认知主义学习理论流派的是()。
课堂教学不能是教师的表演,不能是事先预设的再现,更不能是教师的“满堂灌”,学生的参与是激活其思维的基本前提。()
孩子哭闹要买玩具,母亲不予理睬,符合操作性条件作用的消退规律。()
最新回复
(
0
)