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  3. Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burd

Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burd

admin2015-12-01  66
问题     Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
    As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimetre accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
    But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can’t yet give a robot enough ’common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world."
    Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
    What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.
The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are______.
选项 A、expected to copy human brain in internal structure
B、able to perceive abnormalities immediately
C、far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information
D、best used in a controlled environment
答案C
解析 本题可参照文章的最后一段。从中可知，在进行思维模拟时，他们发现人脑大约一千亿的神经细胞比以前想象的要能干得多——人类的认知进程也更为复杂。人类制造的机器人能够识别在人工控制的工厂里的机器控制面板上不到一毫米的误差。但是人类的大脑可以在一瞥之下就能够发现一个迅速变化的情景，随即忽视98％的不相关部分，瞬间把注意力集中到蜿蜒的森林小路边上的猴子身上或一大群人中的一张可疑的面孔上。世界上最先进的计算机系统也无法具备这种能力。据此可知，作者利用猴子这个例子是为了说明——机器人在注意迅速变化的场景方面没有人类强。C项与文章的意思相符，因此C项为正确答案。
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