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  3. A world without managers is a nice idea. But teams need leaders, irrespective of the quality of the people in charge. Someone ha

A world without managers is a nice idea. But teams need leaders, irrespective of the quality of the people in charge. Someone ha

admin2022-12-09  156
问题     A world without managers is a nice idea. But teams need leaders, irrespective of the quality of the people in charge. Someone has to take decisions, even if they are bad ones, to prevent the corporate machine gumming up with endless discussions. That is true even of flatter organisations. In a paper published in 2021, researchers described an experiment in which a number of different teams took part in an escape-room challenge. Some randomly selected groups were asked to choose a leader before the task began; the rest were not. The teams with leaders did much better: 63％ of them completed the challenge within an hour, compared with only 44％ of those in the control group.
    The difference between good bosses and bad ones is striking. In one paper published in 2012, a trio of academics looked at the output of workers in a large services company who frequently switched between different supervisors. They found that the gap in output between the best and worst bosses was equivalent to adding an extra person to a nine-member team. Even the average boss enhanced their team’s productivity by enough to justify their higher salary.
    Managers are needed, but they do not have it easy. The job is structurally difficult. Most managers have to meet the expectations, sometimes unreasonable, of people below them and above them. The blurring of work-life boundaries as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic seems to have made life tougher for them. Gallup, a pollster, found that in 2021 managers suffered higher levels of self-reported burnout than workers, and that the gap between these groups had widened considerably over the previous year.
    They are subject to conflicting demands. They are meant to care about members of their teams and be ready to get rid of them. They are supposed to give people agency while making sure that things are done in the way the organization wants. The concept of the "servant leader" is utter nonsense. It is also a reflection of the different directions in which bosses are pulled.
    Managers are also handling the most baffling material on Earth: people. A study conducted by researchers in Germany found that handing out monetary bonuses for good attendance to apprentices in retail stores led to sharp rises in absenteeism (paying for behaviour that was previously considered normal seems to have made people feel licensed to bunk off). The law of unintended consequences runs through the workplace.
    It is true that managers do not save lives or nurture young minds. But the job that managers do is almost always necessary, often unpopular, sometimes done reluctantly and pretty difficult to boot.
The escape-room challenge is mentioned as________.
选项 A、a contrasting case
B、a supporting example
C、a background story
D、a related topic
答案B
解析 例证题。根据题干中的escape-room challenge可定位至第一段。本段前两句是该段主旨，强调团队需要管理者。第三、四句解释为什么需要管理者，即团队需要管理者拿主意。第五至七句介绍密室逃脱挑战的案例，以该案例来证明管理者对团队的重要性。故B项正确。案例内部确实有对比的内容，但整体上这个案例是作为例证的，故排除A项。这是一个例子，而不是单纯的背景故事或相关话题，故排除C项和选项D项。故本题答案为B项。
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