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  3. Philip Knight, Nike’ s multibillionaire Chairman and chief executive, managed to generate a lot of positive press recently when

Philip Knight, Nike’ s multibillionaire Chairman and chief executive, managed to generate a lot of positive press recently when

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问题     Philip Knight, Nike’ s multibillionaire Chairman and chief executive, managed to generate a lot of positive press recently when he announced that independent organizations would be allowed to inspect the overseas factories that make his company’ s products, that he would toughen the health and safety standards in the factories, and that he would crack down on the use of child labor. There is both merit and a lot of smoke in Knight’ s initiative.
    The admission into the plants of truly independent observers from local nongovernmental organizations would be a great advance. If Knight follows through in good faith on this promise, the working conditions in the factories are likely to improve, and it will be substantially more difficult for other large apparel companies to resist similar pledges.
    The proposed improvements in health and safety standards, which would bring them in line with standards in the United States, are also important. Footwear factories are equipped with heavy machinery that can cause serious injury, and much of the raw material used in the factories is toxic. Many workers at plants turning out shoes for Nike and other international companies spend their days inhaling dangerous fumes.
    Knight’ s child labor initiative is another matter. It’ s a smokescreen. Child labor has not been a big problem with Nike, and Phillip Knight knows that better than anyone. But public relations is public relations so he announces that he’ s not going to let the factories hire kids, and suddenly that’ s headline.
    Knight is like a three-card monte player. You have to keep a close eye on him at all times. The biggest problem with Nike is that its overseas workers make wretched, below-subsistence wages. It’ s not the minimum age that needs raising, it’ s the minimum wage. Most of the workers in Nike factories in China and Vietnam make less than $ 2 a day, well below the subsistence levels in those countries. In Indonesia, the pay is less than $ 1 a day.
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答案 拥有数十亿资产的耐克公司董事长兼总经理菲利浦?奈特，最近设法赢得了舆论的大量好评，因为他宣布允许独立的机构组织去视察生产耐克产品的国外工厂，宣称他将强化那些工厂的卫生和安全标准，还说他将采取严厉措施禁止雇用童工。奈特的这番主动行为有可取的地方，但其中也有不少烟幕。 允许非政府组织的真正独立的地方观察员进入那些工厂，这应该是一个巨大的进步。如果奈特真心诚意地兑现这个许诺，那些工厂的劳动条件将有望得到改善，而其他名牌服装制造公司要想不做出类似的承诺也肯定会更加困难。 提出对卫生安全标准进行改进，使其符合美国的标准，这一点也很重要。制鞋厂通常配备有可能造成严重伤害的重型机械，工厂使用的许多原料都是有毒物质。很多为耐克公司和其他国际公司造鞋的工人整天都在吸入有害气体。 奈特在童工问题上的主动则是另一码事了。那是一道烟幕。童工问题对于耐克公司并不是什么大问题，这点奈特比任何人都更清楚。但公关就是公关。于是他宣布不允许那些工厂雇用童工，而这突然间成了头条新闻。 奈特就像一个玩飞牌的高手。人们不得不随时死死盯住他。耐克公司最大的问题是其海外工人只能领到难以维持最低生活水平的工资。所以该公司需要提高的不是工人的最低年龄，而是工人的最低薪金，在耐克公司设在中国和越南的工厂中，大多数工人每天的薪金还不到2美元，远远低于这些国家的最低生活水准。在印度尼西亚，工人每天的薪金还不到1美元。
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