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  3. 正规教育的地位 ——2009年英译汉及详解 There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the de

正规教育的地位 ——2009年英译汉及详解 There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the de

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问题 正规教育的地位
——2009年英译汉及详解
There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.【F1】It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.【F2】Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.【F3】While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.【F4】Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
【F5】We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.
【F4】
选项
答案因为我们对年轻人的首要职责是使他们在日常生活中学会分享，因此我们不禁要考虑我们是否正在形成确保这种能力的力量。
解析 本句考查的重点是：状语从句和动词搭配。 本句的主体是we cannot help considering…，开头是since引导的原因状语从句，since是“既然”的意思，从句是主系表结构，主语是our chief business，表语是to enable them to share in a common life，解释了主语business的具体内容。主句中用了cannot help doing的动词搭配，意为“忍不住做…”。considering后是省略了that的宾语从句．whether引出的是considering的内容。which引导的定语从句修饰的是powers。
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