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  3. (46)Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, institutions,

(46)Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, institutions,

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问题     (46)Culture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, institutions, techniques, and language that characterize the life of the group. As culture is so inclusive, it permeates virtually every aspect of human life and influences predominantly people’s behavior, including linguistic behavior.
    (47)When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself; however, in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in different people. Take the word dog for example. In the United States, the word dog in most instances conjures up an image of a furry, domesticated family pet. In some areas of the world, such as South Korea, however, dogs are considered to be a culinary amenity and often are eaten. Therefore, the word dog elicits a quite different meaning because of different cultural experiences. This example indicates that language is heavily tinted with its culture.
    (48)From the above, we can infer that a language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent shared world knowledge of its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes beliefs, world outlooks etc. In a word, language expresses cultural reality. When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a language-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways. If he moves to another community or country, he may be recognized easily not as a member of the local community group but as a newcomer from the ways he uses his language. This implies that language embodies cultural identity.
    As language is tightly intertwined with culture, learning a language is inseparable from learning its culture. (49)When learning a foreign language, we should not only learn the mere imitation of the pronunciation, grammar, words and idioms but also learn to see the world as native speakers do, that is to say, learn the wags in which the foreign language reflects the ideas, customs, and behavior of that society, learn to understand their "language of the mind". We need to learn enough about the language’s culture so that we can communicate in the target language properly to achieve not only the linguistic competence but also communicative competence. This is of great significance in learning a foreign language. (50)Otherwise the ignorance of cultural differences between mother tongue and target language will inevitable create barriers in learning the target language, thus causing some misunderstandings and confusions frequently.
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答案广义上，文化是指一个民族全部的生活方式，它包括反映该民族生活特征的信仰、习俗、制度、技术，以及语言模式。
解析 翻译此题目时要注意名词词组a people和the group的语义。根据不定冠词a可以判断，句子中的people是可数名词，表示"民族"；另外，根据定冠词the，可以判断group一词虽然在文章中第一次出现，但是它是特定句子前面的某一名词成分，根据语义可以判断the group其实是回指其前面的名词词组 a people，因此将the group翻译为"该民族"是比较恰当的。考查点：根据冠词来判断名词的具体语义和所指。
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