2. 考研
  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

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问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)

    Globalization was the buzzword of the 1990s, in the last two decades, the amount of money and goods moving between countries has been rising steadily. At the same time, trade barriers across the world have been lowered. So how close are we to a true global economy and what effect is it likely to have?
    Anyone who doubts that global financial markets control national economies need only look at the crisis facing the "tigers" of the Far East. Last year, the value of their currencies plummeted, after investors decided their economic policies were no tough enough. Now the region is suffering slower growth, lower living standards and rising unemployment.
    The situation in Asia shows how power has shifted from individual governments to the markets. In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; (41)______.
    The trend towards globalization began in earnest in the early 1970s when the system of fixed exchange rates, set up after World War II, was dismantled. This meant that the value of currencies would now be determined by the markets instead of individual governments. Over the next two decades, countries slowly began to remove their exchange controls. (42)______.
    Other factors contributing to the rise of globalization are new communications technologies, and better transportation systems, these have enabled companies to grow into multinationals—producing goods on one side of the planet and selling them on the other. Lower costs have also helped—the price of telephone calls, for instance, is cheaper now than at anytime in history.
    But adjusting to this new "economic order" is proving difficult. In the developed world, and in particular the European Union, globalization is facing widespread public resistance. Critics complain that, without the protection of trade barriers, jobs are being lost to workers in poorer countries, and wages for employees in rich countries are falling. Opponents in the European Union point to the effects that globalization has had in the US and Britain. In those countries, wages are stagnant—except for a privileged few—and taxes and welfare benefits have been reduced to help companies compete with industries in the developing world.
    (43)______.
    Those in favor of globalization accuse their critics of being short-sighted protectionists. They claim a more integrated global economy will ultimately benefit everyone because it will enable countries to specialize in those areas where they perform best. Developing countries, with their higher populations and lower wages, will concentrate on labor-intensive industries, such as raw materials manufacturing, in much the same way as Western countries did during the industrial revolution.
    (44)______.
    The effect of this, say supporters, will be to improve productivity in all countries, leading to higher living standards. The free movement of capital will also help poorer countries develop so they can play a full and active role in the world economy.
    (45)______.
    But how close are we to a truly global economy? For the losers, probably too close. But in terms of real economic integration, there is still a long way to go.

A. Even supporters of globalization acknowledge, however, that there will be losers. At present, those suffering most are people working in labor-intensive industries in the developed world. Already, they are facing rising unemployment and falling wages, as companies struggle to compete with manufacturers in developing countries. They argue that, without the protection of trade barriers and the welfare state, their chances of improving their skills and living standards will disappear, resulting in a growing divide between rich and poor.
B. Foreign investment is also extremely small, amounting to little more than five percent of the developed world’s domestic investments.
C. A global economy would mean complete freedom of movement of goods and services, capital, and labor. Yet, even ignoring the tariffs and other restrictions still in place, cross-border trade remains tiny compared to the volume of goods and services traded within countries.
D. In practice, they must conform to a global economic model or risk being penalized by the markets.
E. The richer countries, on the other hand, will diversify into hi-tech industries, where high productivity and specialist knowledge are paramount.
F. Opponents of globalization also point to its effects on workers in poorer countries. They agree that multinationals may be helping to reduce unemployment in the developing world, but they argue that jobs are hardly worth having since they are low-paid and exploitative.
G. By 1990, nearly all world’s major economics had got rid of restrictions on how much money could be moved in and out of their countries.

选项
答案A
解析 本题也位于独立段落。本题前一段中提到了全球化经济支持者的主张。A项中出现了 supporters，这与上段中的supporters属于词汇复现，再分析该项，该项提出了经济一体化所引发的弊端。可见，这里谈论的是这些支持者也承认全球化会有弊端和受害者，两部分之间在语篇上有直接联系，故A项是本题正确选项。B项意思是"外资也极少，所占比例不超过发达国家国内投资的5%"。虽然这项与经济有关，但文章中只是概述全球经济一体化进程，并未具体提及如何利用外资问题，显然选项B属于多余选项。C项意为"全球经济意味着商品，服务，资金及劳力的自由流动。然而即使不考虑仍然存在的关税及其他限制，与国内的商品和服务量相比，跨国贸易的数量仍然很少"。显然这是对国际贸易的现状的评价。纵观全文涉及到贸易壁垒的是文章倒数第五段，但该部分只是简单提及人们批评经济一体化的原因：由于没有贸易壁垒的保护，大量工作岗位正丧失，让稍穷国家的工人得到，而且发达国家的雇员工资下降。并没有过多具体涉及贸易问题，因此C项放入文章任何题目处都不合适，故为干扰项。
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