首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial s
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial s
admin
2020-08-17
25
问题
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords’ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.
It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.
Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shogunsl search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.
According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that________.
选项
A、spending had outdistanced income
B、trade had fallen off
C、profits from mining had declined
D、the coinage had been sharply debased
答案
A
解析
事实细节题。第一段分析了18世纪日本德川幕府面临着财务压力的原因。第六句指出,尽管佃农的稻米产量增加,但领主的收入却跟不上其支出。因此,原因是支出远大于收入,A项表述符合文义,故为答案。第三句提到,武士集中在城中刺激了贸易,B项表述与之相反,故排除;第二段第三句提到,国有矿山的利润下降和硬币贬值,只是在解释德川幕府寻找的增加收入的来源不可行,故排除C项和D项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/T8ra777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
Atthebeginningof17thcenturyappearedaschoolofpoetscalledmetaphysics,thefounderofmetaphysicalpoetry()
SincetheWorldWideWebwascreatedin1990,theonlywaytogetontotheinternethasbeenthroughacomputer,acostlyboxth
Mencannotmanufacturebloodasefficientlyaswomencan.Thismakessurgeryriskierformen.Menalsoneedmoreoxygenbecause
Althoughadolescentmaturationalanddevelopmentstatesoccurinanorderlysequence,theirtiming______withregardtoonseta
Theeighteenth-centuryBritishthinkerEdmundBurkemadethefollowingobservationaboutthebenefitsofopposition:"Hethatwr
The______companyhasanexcellentreputation-whichisunderstandable,sinceit’sbeeninbusinessfortwentyyearsandhastho
Thepolicechiefannouncedthatthecasewouldsoonbeinquired______.
Pocahonta,aseventeenthcenturyPowhatanIndian,wenttotheJamestowncolonyasherfather’semissary.
Althoughadolescentmaturationalanddevelopmentalstatesoccurinanorderlysequence,theirtiming______withregardtoonset
Nearlyacenturyago,biologistsfoundthatiftheyseparatedaninvertebrateanimalembryointotwopartsatanearlystageof
随机试题
Access2010的数据库对象包括__________。
下列哪项不是病人的权利
女性,30岁。发热伴牙龈出血3周。查体:贫血貌,脾肋下3cm,胸骨压痛(+),血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞14.0×109/L,血小板35×109/L,骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞占0.62。为进一步诊断,应首选哪项检查
地下建筑顶板设置种植屋面的说法,错误的是()。
厌氧消化(甲烷发酵)的三个主要过程,依次分别是()。
冰川、湖群最集中的地区位于()。
一位长期从事醉酒及酒精中毒研究的医生发现,一般情况下,醉酒者的暴力倾向远远高于未饮酒或适度饮酒者。据此,该医生断定,具有暴力倾向的人容易喝醉酒。以下哪项最严重削弱了这位医生的断定?
社会治安秩序,是指由《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》及其他治安法规所确认和维系的社会秩序。()
宁夏回族自治区某自治州的自治条例和单行条例制定后,应当()
EverymorningJohngoestoworkbytrains.He【M1】_____alwaysbuysanewspaper.Ithelpstomakethetime【M2】______passmore
最新回复
(
0
)