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  3. The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resou

The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resou

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问题     The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often,【C1】______. governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidize the exploitation and【C2】______of natural resources. A whole【C3】______of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and(often) 【C4】______no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold【C5】______: a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to【C6】______the vested interest that subsidies create.
    No activity affects more of the earth’s surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet’s land area, not【C7】______Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in【C8】______from land already in【C9】______, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a【C10】______in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.
    All these activities may have【C11】______environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single【C12】______of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may【C13】______water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods【C14】______exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the【C15】______of old varieties of food plants which【C16】______some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States,【C17】______the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate【C18】______to diminish the soil’s productivity. The country subsequently【C19】______a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is【C20】______much faster than in America.
【C17】
选项 A、when
B、while
C、which
D、where
答案D
解析 本题测试语法。when引导时间状语从旬；while引导时间、让步状语从句：which引导定语从句；where引导地点状语、定语从句。所填之词引导的从句修饰The United States，表示地点，所以应该选D。
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