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  3. Some people have malnutrition. Their diets have too much or too little of some nutrients ,or too many or too few calories. Nutri

Some people have malnutrition. Their diets have too much or too little of some nutrients ,or too many or too few calories. Nutri

admin2011-02-28  83
问题    Some people have malnutrition. Their diets have too much or too little of some nutrients ,or too many or too few calories. Nutritionists have three major ways of deciding if a person has malnutrition: physical exams, laboratory tests, and diet studies.    In the physical exam, the nutritionist looks for external signs of malnutrition. For one thing, the nutritionist looks at the patient’s skin. Rough, dry skin, for example, may mean that the patient does not have enough vitamin A. In addition, the nutritionist looks at the patient’s mouth. Cracks at the corner of the mouth, a purplish or bright red tongue, and bleeding gums can all be signs of vitamin deficiencies. The nutritionist also notices the patient’s hair. If a patient does not have enough protein, the hair may be thinner and duller than normal.
   In laboratory tests, nutritionists look for the amounts of nutrients patients have in their bodies. There are two main types of laboratory tests: blood and urine tests. A blood test can show, for example, if a patient has anemia from too little iron in his or her diet. A urine test shows how much vitamin is absorbed by the body and how much passed through the body because it is not needed. If the patient’s body absorbs a great deal of the vitamins, the patient may have a vitamin deficiency.
   There are three main ways nutritionists do diet studies. First, the nutritionist may interview the patient and ask general questions about the patient’s diet. The nutritionist might ask questions such as the following: what do you usually eat for breakfast? How much coffee do you drink in a day? How often do you eat a raw vegetable salad7 Second, the nutritionist may ask the patient to recall everything she or he ate in the past 24 hours. The information represents the person’s usual diet. Finally, patients can keep their own list of what they eat. Later the nutritionist looks at the list to see if the patient ate too much or too little of any nutrient.
How can a urine test show a patient may have a vitamin deficiency?
选项 A、A lot of vitamins are in the urine.
B、The body refuses to absorb vitamins.
C、Only a few vitamins passes through the body.
D、A lot of vitamins are taken in by the body.
答案C
解析 体中排出的维他命越少，说明身体吸收的越多，对维他命的需求量越大。
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