首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technolog
Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technolog
admin
2010-03-25
47
问题
Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technology consisted solely of massive, number- crunching mainframe computers, the chief liberal arts applications were in compiling statistical indexes of works of literature. In 1964, IBM held a conference on computers and the humanities where, according to a 1985 article in the journal Science, "most of the conferees were using computers to compile concordances, which are alphabetical indices used in literary research."
Mainframe computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task, which dates back to the Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordances help scholars scrutinize important texts for patterns and meaning. Other humanities applications for computers in this early era of technology included compiling dictionaries, especially for foreign or antiquated languages, and cataloging library collections.
Such types of computer usage in the humanities may seem limited at first, but they have produced some interesting results in the last few years and promise to continue to do so. As computer use and access have grown, so has the number of digitized texts of classic literary works.
The computer-based study of literary texts has established its own niche in academia. Donald Foster, an English professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, is one of the leaders in textual scholarship. In the late 1980s Foster created SHAXICON, a database that tracks all the "rare" words used by English playwright William Shakespeare. Each of these words appears in any individual Shakespeare play no more than 12 times. The words can then be cross-referenced with some 2,000 other poetic texts, allowing experienced researchers to explore when they were written, who wrote them, how the author was influenced by the works of other writers, and how the texts changed as they were reproduced over the centuries.
In late 1995 Foster’s work attracted widespread notice when he claimed that Shakespeare was the anonymous author of an obscure 578-1ine poem, A Funeral Elegy (1612). Although experts had made similar claims for other works in the past, Foster gained the backing of a number of prominent scholars because of his computer-based approach. If Foster’s claim holds up to long-term judgment, the poem will be one of the few additions to the Shakespearean canon in the last 100 years.
Foster’s work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked to help identify the anonymous author of the best-selling political novel Primary Colours (1996). After using his computer programme to compare the stylistic traits of various writers with those in the novel, Foster tabbed journalist Joe Klein as the author. Soon after, Klein admitted that he was the author. Foster was also employed as an expert in the case of the notorious Unabomber, a terrorist who published an anonymous manifesto in several major newspapers in 1995.
Foster is just one scholar who has noted the coming of the digital age and what it means for traditional fields such as literature. "For traditional learning and humanistic scholarship to be preserved, it, too, must be digitized," he wrote in a scholarly paper. "The future success of literary scholarship depends on our ability to integrate those electronic texts with our ongoing work as scholars and teachers, and to exploit fully the advantages offered by the new medium."
Foster noted that people can now study Shakespeare via Internet Shakespeare Editions, using the computer to compare alternate wordings in different versions and to consult editorial footnotes, literary criticism, stage history, explanatory graphics, video clips, theater reviews, and archival records. Novelist and literary journalist Gregory Feeley noted that "the simplest (and least radical) way in which computer technology is affecting textual scholarship is in making various texts available, and permitting scholars to jump back and forth between them for easy comparisons."
Scholars can also take advantage of computer technology in "publishing" their work. Princeton University history professor Robert Darnton has written of a future in which works of scholarship are presented digitally in a pyramid-like layering. One might start, he suggests, at the top with a concise account of a subject, then proceed to detailed documentation and evidence, continue with a level of questions and discussion points for classroom use, and end with a place for .reports and commentary from readers.
Foster gained public recognition because he did all the following work EXCEPT
选项
A、that he successfully identified the author of a best-selling novel.
B、that he claimed Shakespeare wrote the poem of A Funeral Elegy.
C、that he helped to identify several anonymous newspaper writers.
D、that he was involved in a criminal investigation identifying a terrorist.
答案
C
解析
该题问以下的工作哪一项不是Foster做的。A说他成功地识别出一本畅销书的作者,这与原文"Foster’s work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked to help identify the anonymous author of the best-selling political novel Primary Colours(1996).”意思一样。B说他声称莎士比亚是诗歌A Funeral Elegy的作者,这与“In late 1995 Foster’s work attracted widespread notice when he claimed that Shakespeare was the anonymous author of an obscure 578-line poem,A Funeral Elegy(1612).”一样。D说他参与了调查一名恐怖分子的工作,这在原文中有依据:“Foster was also employed as an expert in the case of the notorious Unabomber, a terrorist...”C说他帮忙识别了几名给报社写匿名文章的人。从原文中看,他只参与了识别上述恐怖分子给报社写信的一次调查,并未多次参与类似的调查。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TTqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Howmuchmuseumgoersknowaboutartmakeslittledifferenceinhowtheyengagewithexhibits,accordingtoastudybyaGermanc
OnSaturdaymorningsIworkedinthefamilyshop.IstartedcyclingdowntotheshopwithDadonSaturdayassoonasIwasbige
LightingupacigaretteathomecouldbringavisitfromHonduranpoliceifafamilymemberorevenavisitorcomplainsaboutse
A、Makethecutwideopenandwashitwithalittlewarmwater.B、Pressapieceofcottonwoolfirmlyoveritforaboutfiveminu
Transportationisthemovementorconveyingofpersonsandgoodsfromonelocationtoanother.Ashumanbeings,fromancienttim
接受多年的教育后,许多人还是不能找到与专业相关的工作,只好什么工作都干来挣钱。所从事的工作也许对他们的能力不合适,也许不具有他们所要的挑战性。如果你的工作是所说的那样,记住你的能力超过了你的职业要求,你要在其他方面丰富你的生活。工作之余要从事些其他活动,要
Americanstodayhavedifferenteatinghabitsthantheyhadinthepast.Thereisawide【C1】______offoodavailable.Theyhave
TheUnitedNationsHumanRightsCouncilwasformerSecretaryGeneralKofiAnnan’sdreamchild:anew,strongerinstitutiontore
婴儿和猿使用同样的方法来记忆物品所在的地方,但是当孩子们越长越大,他们的方法就会改变。
AtthebeginningofthepassagethewritersoundscriticalofThefollowingadjectivescanbesuitablyappliedtoCookeEXCEPT
随机试题
系统性红斑狼疮的基本病变是
男性,45岁,右侧面部疼痛10天。疼痛为间歇性闪电样发作,刀割样疼痛,1~2分钟骤然停止。查体:见右侧面部皮肤粗糙、增厚,轻触鼻翼可引起疼痛发作,其他神经系统查体未见异常。头颅核磁平扫无异常。既往体健
A.阴器B.女子胞C.阴户D.胞胎E.阴门男女之外生殖器称
A.经营者承担行政责任B.经营者承担民事责任C.应当按照国家规定和约定履行,不得故意拖延或者无理拒绝D.应当支付丧葬费、死亡赔偿金以及死者生前抚养人所必需的生活费等费用E.应当保证其提供的商品或者服务的实际质量与表明的质量状况相符因使用
纳税人已在工商行政管理机关办理变更登记的,应当自工商行政管理机关变更登记之日起()日内,向原税务登记机关申报办理变更税务登记。
下列关于记账本位币的表述中,错误的是()。(2013年)
7号信令系统的硬件包括()。
2017年6月1日宣布将退出应对全球气候变化《巴黎协定》的国家是()。
A、Theearlieryoutakestepstoprepareforyourretirement,themoreyouwillenjoyretirementhappiness.B、Themoreyoutravel
Ialwaysthinkofbookswith【B1】______feeling,beingdeeply【B2】______tothem,asIam,forthe【B3】______theyhavebroughtme.
最新回复
(
0
)