2. 外语
  3. In the late 1960’s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skysc

In the late 1960’s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skysc

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问题     In the late 1960’s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized.
    Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts—enough to supply the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
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答案 生态学家指出．城市中密集的高层建筑常常使公共交通与停车场承栽的负担过重。摩天大楼还过度消耗和浪费电能。最近一年中，纽约市摩天写字楼的面积增加了1700万平方英尺，这一增长使整个城市的每日最高电能需求量提高了12万千瓦——足以供整个奥尔巴尼市使用一天。玻璃表面的摩天大楼尤其浪费能源。透过半英寸厚的玻璃板损失(或增加)的热量，是一般加入隔热板砖石墙损失(或增加)热量的十倍以上。为了减轻取暖设备和空调设备的压力，摩天大楼的建造者们已经开始使用双面上釉的玻璃镶板和贴上了金色或银色反光薄膜的反光玻璃，来减少强光照射和热量吸收：但是，镜面的摩天大楼会使周围空气温度升高，并会影响附近的建筑物。
解析 1、摩天大楼现代、气派，却对城市环境和能源供给造成压力，本段述评多长句，语体正式，合理转换词性，处理好从句是译文成败的关键。
2、第2句的Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers，and wasters，of electric power译为“摩天大楼还过度消耗和浪费电能”，其中的consumers和wasters转译成动词“消耗”和“浪费”。
3、第4句的wasteful原为形容词，这里译为动词“浪费”，并根据上下文增译“能源”，使意义连贯。
4、第5句的plate glass是固定表达，专指very clear glass of fine quality made in thicksheets，译为“厚玻璃板”；insulation board在这里应理解为“隔热板”，而非“绝缘板”。
5、由于英语表达习惯的差异，翻译第5句时需调整语序，如through引导的介词短语和过去分词短语filled with insulation board翻译时位置均前移：另外，that指The heatloss(or gain)，出于行文和表意的需要，需译出全意。
6、第6句的silver or gold mirror films译为“金色或银色反光薄膜”，其中silver和gold指薄膜色彩，而非其质地，mirror films意为films that can reflect light as a mirror；定语从句that reduce glare as well as heat gain实际上表示目的，采用后置译法译为独立小句。
7、第6、7句在逻辑上构成转折关系，故译为一句话，中间用分号隔开。
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