首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How to Write a Dissertation I. Two necessary preparations A. Planning【T1】______【T1】______ B. The【T2】______ of balanced life【T2】
How to Write a Dissertation I. Two necessary preparations A. Planning【T1】______【T1】______ B. The【T2】______ of balanced life【T2】
admin
2017-03-07
28
问题
How to Write a Dissertation
I. Two necessary preparations
A. Planning【T1】______【T1】______
B. The【T2】______ of balanced life【T2】______
all you have to do: devote time to physical, social,
intellectual,【T3】______ well-being【T3】______
II. The general idea
A. A thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture
B. A dissertation is a lengthy,【T4】______【T4】______
1. Scientific method
The scientific method needs a【T5】______ of evidence【T5】______
— to support a hypothesis
— to deny a hypothesis
2.【T6】______【T6】______
— the essence of a dissertation
— a dissertation【T7】______ principles【T7】______
3. Supporting materials
A dissertation must【T8】______ every statement with a【T8】______
reference or original work
— It does not repeat details of published materials
— It uses the results as fact
III. Learning from the exercise
A Getting trained to【T9】______ with other scientists【T9】______
B. Learning to think deeply
IV. Definitions and terminology
A Each technical term must be defined
— by a reference to a definition【T10】______【T10】______
— by a precise, unambiguous definition before
a)the term is used for a new term
b)a standard term used in an unusual way
B. Each term should be used in one and only one way
throughout the dissertation
V. Language points
A. Good writing is【T11】______ in a dissertation【T11】______
B. Using active constructions
C. Writing in the【T12】______tense【T12】______
D.【T13】______negation early【T13】______
E. Paying attention to【T14】______【T14】______
VI. Key to success:【T15】______【T15】______
【T9】
How to Write a Dissertation
Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to today’s lecture about writing. I have known that you are preparing to write a dissertation at present. Unless you have written many formal documents before, you are going to find that it’s difficult! So, in today’s lecture, I will talk about methods for writing a dissertation.
The foremost things you should know are two necessary preparations for successful completion of a dissertation.
The first is planning ahead. A plan imposes a structure on the project and prevents you from drifting aimlessly for long periods of time. It will help motivate you to work during tedious or difficult phases and provides the incentive to make sacrifices.
The second is the maintenance of healthy balance. The dissertation is such a time-consuming project that it can seem impossible to lead a balanced life. Without a healthy balance of life, you may feel angry, resentful, frustrated, overwhelmed, and depressed on a consistent basis. In order to maintain a healthy balance, it is often helpful to devote time every day and week to your physical social intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being.
Next, I will provide you with a few general ideas about a dissertation. As we know, a thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture. A dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that argues in defense of a particular thesis. So many people use the term "thesis" to refer to the document that a current dictionary now includes it as the third meaning.
No. 1: Scientific method. The scientific method adopted in a dissertation means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evidence to support or deny it. Before one can write a dissertation defending a particular thesis, one must collect evidence that supports it. Thus, the most difficult aspect of writing a dissertation consists of organizing the evidence and associated discussions into a coherent form.
No. 2: Critical thinking. The essence of a dissertation is critical thinking, not experimental data. Analysis and concepts form the heart of the work. A dissertation also concentrates on principles: it states the lessons learned, and not merely the facts behind them.
No. 3: Supporting materials. In general, every statement in a dissertation must be supported either by a reference to published scientific literature or by original work. But, a dissertation does not repeat the details of critical thinking and analysis found in published sources: it uses the results as fact and refers the reader to the source for further details. Each sentence in a dissertation must be complete and correct in a grammatical sense. Moreover, a dissertation must satisfy the strict rules of formal grammar. For example, no undefined technical jargon, no hidden jokes, and no slang, even when such terms or phrases are in common use in the spoken language. Indeed, the writing in a dissertation must be clear. Shades of meaning matter: the terminology and prose must make fine distinctions. The words must convey exactly the meaning intended, nothing more and nothing less. Each statement in a dissertation must be correct and defensible in a logical and scientific sense. Furthermore, the discussions in a dissertation must satisfy the strictest rules of logic applied to mathematics and science.
Thirdly, we have to know what one should learn from the exercise. A11 scientists need to communicate discoveries: the dissertation provides training for communication with other scientists. Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion.
When writing a dissertation, we should also be clear about definitions and terminology. Each technical term used in a dissertation must be defined either by a reference to a previously published definition for standard terms with their usual meaning or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears before the term is used for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way. And each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to include a statement. Then, only define exceptions. The introductory chapter can give the intuition of terms provided they are defined more precisely later.
Last but not least important is language points. There is a principle we should remember, i.e. good writing is essential in a dissertation. As for voice, remember to use active constructions. For example, say "the operating system starts the device" instead of "the device is started by the operating system." Then write in the present tense. For example, say "The system writes a page to the disk and then uses the frame" instead of "The system will use the frame after it wrote the page to disk". Moreover, you should define negation early. For instance, say "no data block waits on the output queue" instead of "a data block awaiting output is not on the queue." At last you should be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what the verb says it does. All computer scientists should know the rules of logic. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. When written using mathematical symbols, the differences are obvious because "for all" and "there exists" are reversed.
As far as the language points are concerned, there is a key to success: practice. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice and practice. This is the secret to writing a good dissertation.
To conclude, we have discussed some necessary preparations before writing a dissertation: What follows are some guiding principles, including some general ideas of a dissertation and how to reach a good writing. Finally, I provide you with a key to successful writing, i.e. practice. After this lecture, I hope you may find your dissertation-writing smooth.
选项
答案
communicate
解析
此题谈到人们应从练习中学习的其中一个方面,即“所有的科学家都需要对所发现的事物进行交流探讨,博士论文就为此提供了训练的机会”,可知答案为communicate。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TmzK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchisCORRECT?
EnglishforSpecificPurposesESP:EnglishforSpecificPurposesESL:EnglishasaSecondLanguageI.DifferencesbetweenESPa
HowtoGetaPaperPublishedI.Prerequisitedoingmass【B1】______【B1】______collectingmassinformationanddataII.Thingsy
HowtoGetaPaperPublishedI.Prerequisitedoingmass【B1】______【B1】______collectingmassinformationanddataII.Thingsy
Allhisnovelsrevealthat,astimewenton,MarkTwainbecameincreasingly______
Necessarymeditationsontheactual,includingthemeanbread-and-cheesequestion,dissipatedthephantasmalforawhile,andco
PlanningaWritingLessonI.Whatisagenre—variousinkind—featuresofgenre:layout,formalitylevel,language—variationb
Closeness,forexample,indicatesintimacyorthreattomanyspeakerswhilstdistancemaydenoteformalityoralackofinteres
PASSAGETWOAccordingtoPsychologicalScience,whatmayaffectthedecision-makingprocessbesidestiredness?
Withtheeffectsofglobalization,increasesintechnologyandthepaceoflifeinvademoreandmoreareasofeverydaylife,an
随机试题
阅读《板桥题画》(三则)中的一段文字,回答问题。江馆清秋,晨起看竹,烟光日影露气,皆浮动于疏枝密叶之间。胸中勃勃遂有画意。其实胸中之竹,并不是眼中之竹也。因而磨墨展纸,落笔倏作变相,手中之竹又不是胸中之竹也。总之,意在笔先者,定则也;趣在法外者,化机也。
为了在电费单价发生变化时计算方便,下图中将电费单价填写在E2单元格中,希望在单元格C2右下角按下鼠标左键并向下拖动,就能正确计算出所有用户的应交电费,在C2单元格中应该输入的计算公式为_______。
A.相干散射B.光电作用C.康普顿效应D.电子对效应E.光核反应光子从原子核内击出数量不等的中子、质子和γ光子的作用过程是
以下哪项临床表现在风湿性疾病中不常见
脑干梗死常引起
女,30岁。左上颌第一双尖牙邻颌银汞充填物部分脱落,X线片显示根充完善。最佳修复设计方案是
鉴别细菌性痢疾和阿米巴痢疾最可靠的依据是( )
出票银行签发的,由其在见票时按照实际结算金额无条件支付给收款人或者持票人的票据是()。
当事人对税务机关的处罚决定不服的,可以依法申请行政复议,也可以依法向人民法院起诉。()
垄断竞争厂商实现最大利润的途径有()。
最新回复
(
0
)