首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
(46)Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regar
(46)Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regar
admin
2009-04-27
105
问题
(46)
Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions.
Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47)
According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand".
In a free-market economy the government’s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations.
(48)
Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person’s contribution.
An example is a lighthouse. One individual’s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49)
The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light.
The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods.
Government’s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods.
Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50)
Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.
选项
答案
根据斯密的观点,就像有一只无形的手控制着一样,个人出于自身经济利益的行为会从整体上使社会经济状况最佳化。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Tva4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Withagrowingconsumerinterestinplant-basedhealthyeating,vegetarianoptionspresentachancefornewbusinessandcompeti
Sciencehasfewmorecontroversialtopicsthanhumanintelligence—inparticular,whethervariationsinitarearesultofnature
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedpara
Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarked
Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightco
RunningfortheofficeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesisexceptionallyarduousandshouldnotbeundertakenbythe【C1】___
RunningfortheofficeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesisexceptionallyarduousandshouldnotbeundertakenbythe【C1】___
RunningfortheofficeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesisexceptionallyarduousandshouldnotbeundertakenbythe【C1】___
Britain’sflexiblelabourmarketwasaboonduringtheeconomicslump,helpingkeepjoblessnessdownandthen,whentherecovery
[A]FewerchildrenattendCatholicschoolsnow[B]Changeinhigher-incomefamilieswillleadtochangeofprivateschoolpo
随机试题
A.吸气性呼吸困难B.呼气性呼吸困难C.心源性呼吸困难D.Kussmaul呼吸酮症酸中毒病人可有
对于ⅡB、ⅡC期术后患者和Ⅲ期已行淋巴结清扫术的患者,术后辅助治疗有助于降低复发和转移的风险,其中主要使用的是
患者,李某,男性,71岁,原有"肺痨",迁延不愈,出现咳吐浊唾涎沫,质黏稠,偶有咳痰带血,咳声不扬,口于咽燥,午后潮热,形体消瘦,舌红而干,脉虚数。其诊断为()
在建设工程项目施工过程中,因施工方对施工图纸的某些要求不甚明白,或图纸内部的某些矛盾,或施工配料调整与代用、改变建筑节点构造、管线位置或走向等,需要通过设计单位明确或确认的,施工方必须以技术核定单的方式向( )提出,报送设计单位核准确认。
期货公司和从事中间介绍业务的证券公司应当在其经营场所为投资者办理股指期货开户手续。()
授信权限管理原则包括()。
学生品德构成的基本因素有_________、_________、_________、_________。
国家根据现行法律规范所调整的社会关系及其调整方法不同,将其分为不同的法律部门。中国特色社会主义法律体系,是以宪法为统帅,以法律为主干,以行政法规、地方性法规为重要组成部分,由多个法律部门组成的有机统一整体。下列属于实体法律部门的有()
设函数y=y(x)由参数方程确定,则曲线y=y(x)向上凸的x取值范围为_______.
Hereissomethingmysterious.Everyhumanbeinghasauniquearrangementoftheskinonhisfingersandthisarrangementisunch
最新回复
(
0
)