首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their res
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their res
admin
2015-04-24
85
问题
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet — and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it — is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2, 000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1. 2 million articles each year in some 16, 000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed openaccess, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
According to the text, online publication is significant in that______.
选项
A、it provides an easier access to scientific results
B、it brings huge profits to scientific researchers
C、it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge
D、it facilitates public investment in scientific research
答案
A
解析
细节推断题。根据原文第二段第二句中的The Internet…is making access to scientific results areality和第三段首句可知,知识的价值在于其广泛传播和即时获取,而互联网使得科学成果的很容易获取变为现实。这就是基于互联网的在线出版的重大意义。故答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/UcLO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Americansuffersfromanoverdoseofwork【51】whotheyareorwhattheydo.Theyspend【52】timeatworkthanatanytimesinceWor
Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnected
Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticenetworksponsoredaforumonth
Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesigna
49TheendofwinteristhemostdangeroustimefortheanimalsinYellowstoneParkasfoodbecomeseven______.
Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard【C1】______totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioa
Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.
Therehasbeenalotofhand-wringingoverthedeathofElizabethSteinberg.Withoutblaminganyoneinparticular,neighbors,fr
Thelatestclocktobeinventedisa"languageclock"whichhelpsustodeterminethedatesofcertainoccurrences.Thisclockr
随机试题
湿邪阻滞气机;阻遏清阳的表现是
乳腺癌术后三年患者现出现背痛,临床医生应首先申请何种核医学检查
牙髓失活法最严重的并发症是
患儿男,1岁,从未接种过卡介苗,今日行PPD,结果阳性表示()
国务院安委会办公室于2009年组织开展了安全生产“三项行动”,2010年继续深化开展此项工作。下列有关安全生产的活动中,不属于“三项行动”重点内容的是()
项目决策阶段的主要任务是( )。
设函数y=x2cosx,则y’=___________.
若每一条指令都可以分解为取指,分析和执行三步。已知取指时间t取指=8△t,分析时间t分析=3△t,执行时间t执行=12△t。如果按照流水线方式执行指令,从头到尾执行完100条指令至少需(41)△t。如果取指时间t取指=8△t,分析时间t分析=12△t,
Toddwasworkingathisgasstationatnightwhenheheardovertheradiothata(16)inLongIslandhadbeen(17)byana
A、Thehotelclerkcouldn’tfindhisreservationforthatnight.B、Thehotelclerktriedtotakeadvantageofhisinexperience.C
最新回复
(
0
)