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  3. Forty years ago, a historic document was signed in Rome that was to change the economic outlook and the future of many countries

Forty years ago, a historic document was signed in Rome that was to change the economic outlook and the future of many countries

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问题     Forty years ago, a historic document was signed in Rome that was to change the economic outlook and the future of many countries in Europe. That document was the Treaty of Rome, and this year, on March 25, 1997, the European Union celebrated the 40th anniversary of its signing. A revised draft treaty on European Union (The Maastricht Treaty) was presented in Rome on that date. (1) The revised Treaty is a continuation of the process towards integration of the countries of Europe that began in 195’7.
    (2) The Treaty of Rome was a historic milestone on the road to European integration, but the foundations had been laid almost ten years earlier. In the aftermath of world War Ⅱ on May 9, 1950, Robert Schuman, Foreign Minister of France, proposed the pooling of coal and steel production as part of a Franco-German union.
    Six founding countries signed the Treaty of Paris in 1951 to form the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). A single market in coal and steel was to be set up among signatory countries. (3) Within a few months, all customs and discriminatory practices were swept away. For the coal and steel industries at least, frontiers ceased to exist. The Schuman Plan, as it was known, was the first step towards a united Europe. The signatory countries—Italy, France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands—formed the building blocks of what know today as the European Union.
    Six years later European leaders such as Konrad Adenauer, Paul-Henry Spaak and Jean Monnet thought it time to apply the same approach to the entire economies of the six members of the ECSC. (4) The Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957 and, in effect, marked the ‘relaunching of Europe’ after the devastating of World War II.
    The EEC’s immediate objectives were the establishment of a customs union to promote the four freedoms envisaged by the Treaty of Rome: the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital between the Member States. The Treaty also provided for a number of common policies in areas such as agriculture, external trade, transport and competition. (5) Its aim was to construct a common space in which national and common policies united to ensure stronger economic growth than was possible through the achievements of Member States acting individually.
    A further advance took place in 196’7, when the executives of the three communities were merged to form the European Community. The European Community was to be served by four main institutions—the European Commission, the Council of Ministers, the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice.
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答案 1．这个条约的修改草案是自1957年开始的欧洲各国一体化进程的继续。 2．罗马条约是欧洲一体化道路上的一个里程碑，但其基础几乎在它签订前10年就已奠定。 3．短短几个月，一切关税壁垒以及各种歧视做法都被一扫而光。 4．1957年，罗马条约建立了欧洲经济共同体和欧洲原子能共同体，这实际上标志着第二次世界大战劫难后“欧洲重建”的开始。 5．目的是建立一个共同的经济空间，以便各成员国在该经济空间中能够将各自的政策和成员国采取的共同政策合为一体，以确保成员国的经济比各国独自发展取得更为强劲的增长。
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