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  3. 莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

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问题 莎士比亚时期的戏剧
    ——2018年英译汉及详解
Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (46) By the date of his birth, Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organization of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment, and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might vet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public play house was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’ s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lily, Peele and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kid had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage— where they had paled no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabeth drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blessing, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great career. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire has survived.
【F1】
选项
答案在他出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消亡。同时在古典悲剧和喜剧的推动下，新的戏剧形式应运而生。
解析 本句考查的重点是：名词短语和of结构。
    句子主干为Europe was witnessing…and…tragedy and comedy，其中宾语部分是并列连词and连接的两个名词短语the passing of the religious drama和the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy。第一个名词短语是“A of B”结构；第二个名词短语中介词短语of new forms作定语修饰creation，under the incentive作定语修饰new forms。
    介词短语of classical tragedy and comedy作定语修饰incentive，可采用前置法翻译，把这些定语放在所修饰的名词前，即“在古典悲剧和喜剧的推动下”，creation可译为“……的诞生”。第一个名词短语是“A of B”结构，可译为“B的A”，即“宗教戏剧的消亡”。
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