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  3. Every culture attempts to create a “universe of discourse” for its members, a way in which people can interpret their experience

Every culture attempts to create a “universe of discourse” for its members, a way in which people can interpret their experience

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问题     Every culture attempts to create a “universe of discourse” for its members, a way in which people can interpret their experience and convey it to one another. Without a common system of codifying sensations, life would be absurd and all efforts to share meanings doomed to failure. This universe of discourse — one of the most precious of all cultural legacies — is transmitted to each generation in part consciously and in part unconsciously. Parents and teachers give explicit instruction in it by praising or criticizing certain ways of dressing, of thinking, of gesturing, of responding to the acts of others. But the most significant aspects of any cultural code may be conveyed implicitly, not by rule or lesson but through modeling behavior. A child is surrounded by others who, through the mere consistency of their actions as males and females, mothers and fathers, salesclerks and policemen, display what is appropriate behavior. Thus the grammar of any culture is sent and received largely unconsciously, making one’s own cultural assumptions and biases difficult to recognize. They seem so obviously right that they require no explanation.
    In The Open and Closed Mind, Milton Rokeach poses the problem of cultural understanding in its simplest form, but one that can readily demonstrate the complication of communication between cultures. It is called the “Denny Doodlebug Problem”. Readers are given all the rules that govern this culture: Denny is an animal that always faces North, and can move only by jumping; he can jump large distances or small distances, but can change direction only after jumping four times in any direction; he can jump North, South, East or West, but not diagonally. Upon concluding a jump his master places some food three feet directly west of him. Surveying the situation, Denny concludes he must jump four times to reach the food. No more or less. And he is right. All the reader has to do is to explain the circumstances that make his conclusion correct.
    The large majority of people who attempt this problem fail to solve it, despite the fact that they are given all the rules that control behavior in this culture. If there is difficulty in getting inside the simplistic world of Denny Doodlebug — where the cultural code has already been broken and handed to us — imagine the complexity of comprehending behavior in societies whose codes have not yet been deciphered, and where even those who obey these codes are only vaguely aware and can rarely describe the underlying sources of their own actions.
We acquire the greater part of our cultural codes by
选项 A、creating a universe of discourse.
B、imitating the behavior of others, especially those of the previous generation.
C、sharing the same experiences with other people.
D、taking in the various information we’re given with no discrimination.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。根据题干中的aquire, the greater part, cultural codes将答案定位到第一段后半部分。其中，从转折句 But the most significant aspects of any cultural...but through modeling behavior.我们可以得到答案。文章说“文化准则最重要的方面不是通过规则或课程来传达的，而是通过模仿”，也就是说，我们获得文化准则的方式是通过模仿他人的行为。下面一句又举了一个小孩成长环境的例子，进一步说明我们是在成长的过程中，通过模仿大人的行为来了解我们的文化准则的。因此，本题答案为[B]。[A]项是对首句的误解。[C]是我们在生活中与人共处的方式，而非理解文化隹则的方式。[D]项是对文章的臆断，在文中找不到根据。
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