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  3. The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politi

The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politi

admin2014-11-24  100
问题     The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.
    Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U. S. workforce was derided(嘲笑)as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
    More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’ s work.
    What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’ t force it. After all, that’ s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10 000 years ago, they didn’ t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
    As education improved, humanity’ s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’ t constrain the ability of the developing world’ s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn ’ t developing more quickly there than it is.
The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged______.
选项 A、when people had enough time
B、prior to better ways of finding food
C、when peopleno longer went hungry
D、as a result of pressure on government
答案C
解析 细节题。根据关键词the example of our ancestors定位在第四段。该段最后一句提到“只有当人们开始以更有效的方式来获得食物的时候，才有时间去想别的事情(其中包括发展教育的问题)”。由此可知，人们只有解决了温饱问题才开始着手考虑教育等事情，C项为正确答案。
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